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Table 2 Phenotype of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) knockout mice

From: Matrix metalloproteinases in lung biology

  

Phenotype

Gene

Lethal

Unchallenged

Challenged*

Gelatinase-A (MMP-2)

No

• None [56]

• Reduction in angiogenesis and tumor growth [57]

Stromelysin-1 (MMP-3)

No

• None [58]

• Impaired wound contraction [59]

   

• Reduced contact hypersensitivity response [60]

   

• Accelerated arthritis [58]

Matrilysin (MMP-7)

No

• Lack of activated antimicrobial peptides [19]

✓ Inability to repair mucosal epithelial wounds [39]

   

• Reduced ability to kill pathogenic bacteria [19]

   

• Reduced tumorigenesis [61]

Gelatinase-B (MMP-9)

No

• Transient slowing of long bone growth

✓ Normal neutrophil extravasation [63]

  

secondary to reduced angiogenesis [62]

✓ Lack of alveolar brochiolization in fibrosis [45]

   

• Resistant to induced blister formation [22,64]

   

• Persistent contact hypersensitivity response [60]

   

• Protection against aortic aneurysm formation [65]

   

• Reduced ventricular enlargement and rupture

   

postmyocardial infarction [66,67]

   

• Delayed tumor progression and reduced metastases [68]

Stromelysin-3 (MMP-11)

No

• None [69]

• Less chemically induced tumors and reduced tumor

   

cell implantation [69]

   

• Accelerated and enhanced neointimal formation [70]

Macrophage

No

• None [53]

✓ Reduced elastolytic capacity of macrophages [53]

metalloelastase (MMP-12)

  

✓ Protection against smoking-induced

   

emphysema [54]

   

• Reduced ability of macrophages to migrate through

   

matrix [53]

MT1-MMP (MMP-14)

Yes

• Severe skeletal abnormalities [71]

• Not yet assessed

  1. *✓, Assessed in lung.