Table 2 Phenotype of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) knockout mice
Phenotype | |||
|---|---|---|---|
Gene | Lethal | Unchallenged | Challenged* |
Gelatinase-A (MMP-2) | No | • None [56] | • Reduction in angiogenesis and tumor growth [57] |
Stromelysin-1 (MMP-3) | No | • None [58] | • Impaired wound contraction [59] |
• Reduced contact hypersensitivity response [60] | |||
• Accelerated arthritis [58] | |||
Matrilysin (MMP-7) | No | • Lack of activated antimicrobial peptides [19] | ✓ Inability to repair mucosal epithelial wounds [39] |
• Reduced ability to kill pathogenic bacteria [19] | |||
• Reduced tumorigenesis [61] | |||
Gelatinase-B (MMP-9) | No | • Transient slowing of long bone growth | ✓ Normal neutrophil extravasation [63] |
secondary to reduced angiogenesis [62] | ✓ Lack of alveolar brochiolization in fibrosis [45] | ||
• Persistent contact hypersensitivity response [60] | |||
• Protection against aortic aneurysm formation [65] | |||
• Reduced ventricular enlargement and rupture | |||
• Delayed tumor progression and reduced metastases [68] | |||
Stromelysin-3 (MMP-11) | No | • None [69] | • Less chemically induced tumors and reduced tumor |
cell implantation [69] | |||
• Accelerated and enhanced neointimal formation [70] | |||
Macrophage | No | • None [53] | ✓ Reduced elastolytic capacity of macrophages [53] |
metalloelastase (MMP-12) | ✓ Protection against smoking-induced | ||
emphysema [54] | |||
• Reduced ability of macrophages to migrate through | |||
matrix [53] | |||
MT1-MMP (MMP-14) | Yes | • Severe skeletal abnormalities [71] | • Not yet assessed |