From: Tumor Necrosis Factor-α +489G/A gene polymorphism is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
GG
GA
AA
P-value †
Patients versus controls
Patients without radiological emphysema
18 (62)
11 (38)
0
0.004
Patients with radiological emphysema
92 (77)
26 (22)
1 (1)
0.131
Population controls
264 (84)
45 (14)
6 (2)