Autocrine regulation of asthmatic airway inflammation: role of airway smooth muscle

Respiratory Research

Table 2 Airway smooth muscle (ASM) cell-derived inflammatory cytokines, their target cells and effects

Cytokine	Target	Effect	Reference
IL-1	ASM	IL-6, IL-11, LIF, GM-CSF, MCP, eotaxin, PDGF, PGE secretion↑	[11,13,21,26,31,32]
	Eosinophil	Recruitment
IL-2	T cell	Proliferation↑	[9]
	Eosinophil	Recruitment
IL-5	Eosinophil, mast cell, T cells	Recruitment, activation↑, survival↑	[7,9]
	ASM	Responsiveness↑
IL-6	mθ	Proliferation↓	[9]
	Goblet cell	Proliferation↑, mucus secretion↑
	B cell	Differentiation to plasma cell
	Cytotoxic T cell	Differentiation
	Fibroblast	Activation
IL-11	ASM	Proliferation↑	[81,82]
	mθ, monocyte	Secretion↓ TIMP-1
IL-12	T cell	Proliferation↑	[9]
IFN-γ	Th₂ cells	Proliferation↓	[9,62]
	Th₀ cells	→ Th₁
	B cells	IL-4-driven immunoglobulin isotype switching to IgE synthesis↓, proliferation↓
	Eosinophil, mast cell	MCP, PGE secretion↑
	ASM	MHC II expression
		Activation, secretion↑
	mθ	ICAM-1↑
LIF	Monocytes	IL-8 secretion↑	[83,84]
	Neurons	Phenotype regulation, tachykinin release↑
	mθ	Differentiation

↑, Increase; ↓, decrease; →, unchanged. GM-CSF, Granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor; ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1; IFN, interferon; IL, Interleukin; LIF, leukaemia inhibitory factor; MCP, monocyte chemotactic protein; MHC, major histocompatibility complex; mθ, macrophage; PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor; PGE, prostaglandin E; Th, T helper cells; TIMP-1, tissue inhibitor metalloprotease.

ISSN: 1465-993X