Autocrine regulation of asthmatic airway inflammation: role of airway smooth muscle

Respiratory Research

Table 1 Cellular sources of inflammatory mediators in inflamed airways

Source	Inflammatory mediators	Reference
Eosinophil	MBP, EDN, ECP, EPO	[9,34,78]
	LTC₄, PAF, O₂^-, MMP-9
	IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, TGF-β, GM-CSF, TNF-α, MIP-1α, TIMP-1, PDGF
Epithelium	IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, GM-CSF, ET-1, FGF, RANTES, MCP, MIP-1α, TIMP-1, TNF-a, TGF-β, PDGF	[9,48]
Macrophage	IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, GM-CSF, TNF-α, prostaglandins, TXs, LTs, PAF, FGF, ET-1, TGF-β, PDGF, MCP	[9,48]
Mast cell	IL-1, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-13, GM-CSF, TNF-α, TGF-β, histamine, tryptase, chymase, bradykinin, prostaglandins, PAF, LTs	[9,34]
Neutrophil	Myeloperoxidase, lysozyme, LTA₄, LTB₄, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, prostaglandins, PAF, TXA₂, TNF-α, TGF-β, elastase, collagenase, MMP-9	[34]
Th₁ lymphocyte	IL-2, IL-3, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, TNF-α, TNF-β	[9]
Th₂ lymphocyte	IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, GM-CSF	[9]
Plasma	5-HT, angiotensin II	[79,80]

ECP, Eosinophil cationic protein; EDN, eosinophil derived neurotoxin; EPO, eosinophil peroxidase; ET, endothelin; FGF, fibroblast growth factor; GM-CSF, granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor; 5-HT, 5-hydroxytryptamine; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; LT, leukotriene; MBP, major basic protein; MCP, monocyte chemotactic protein; MIP, macrophage inflammatory protein; MMP-9, matrix metalloprotease-9; PAF, platelet activating factor; PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor; RANTES, regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted; TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β; TIMP-1, tissue inhibitor metalloprotease; TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor-α; TX, thromboxane.

ISSN: 1465-993X