Figure 8

Cytokine quantitation in BALF and lung. Protein levels in BALF were determined by ELISA (left) while mRNA levels of the corresponding cytokine in lung were determined by real time PCR (a-c only, right). BALFs of the 8 mice in each group were pooled and used in duplicate ELISAs. Clear boxes denote mice not infected with influenza and dark boxes denote mice infected with influenza. Legend: ■ = influenza alone mice, ▲ = smoke alone and - ◆ - = smoke and influenza mice. Tissue pieces of equivalent size from lungs of the 4 mice in each treatment group were pooled prior to RNA extraction, and the cDNA was used in triplicate reactions. Fold changes are expressed relative to mRNA levels in lungs of no treatment mice. Cytokines assayed were (a) TNF-α, (b) MIP-2, (c) GM-CSF, (d) IFN-γ and (e) MCP-1.