Figure 3

Effect of bacteria on GMCSF release from human ASMCs over 24 h. ASMCs treated with Gram-negative bacteria, E. coli, (panel A), or Gram-positive bacteria S. aureus (panel B) in the presence or absence of IL-1β (1 ng ml^-1). The data represent the mean ± SEM of triplicate of three different donors. ***p < 0.001 compared with un-stimulated control (medium only).