Figure 7From: Characterization of the innate immune response to chronic aspiration in a novel rodent modelCytokine response to chronic aspiration of gastric fluid. Cytokine levels were evaluated in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from the left lung of rats receiving gastric fluid in their left lung, the left lung of rats receiving normal saline in their left lung, the right lung of rats receiving gastric fluid in their left lung, and the left lung of rats receiving no treatment. Levels of (a) IL-1alpha (b) IL-1beta, (c) IL-2 and (d) TNF-alpha are shown. ††p < 0.05 vs. right (untreated) lung after gastric fluid; *p < 0.10, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01, ****p < 0.001 vs. left (treated) lung after normal saline; ‡‡p < 0.05, ‡‡‡p < 0.01 vs. BAL from untreated rats based on two-tailed Student's t test.Back to article page