Figure 4

Characteristic modifications to the normal breathing pattern in conscious BALB/c mice. A: normal breathing pattern of BALB/c mice breathing room air. B: characteristic pattern of airway obstruction during aerosol challenge with MCh, illustrating the decline in EF₅₀. A and B, top tracings: pneumotachograph airflow signals. A and B, bottom tracings: corresponding integrated VT signal. A horizontal line at zeroflow separates inspiratory (Insp; upward; +) from expiratory (Exp; downward; -) airflow. V, tidal flow. VT, tidal volume. TI, time of inspiration. TE, time of expiration. Figure taken from [49] with permission.