TY - JOUR AU - Bach, P. B. AU - Brown, C. AU - Gelfand, S. E. AU - McCrory, D. C. PY - 2001 DA - 2001// TI - Management of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a summary and appraisal of published evidence JO - Ann Intern Med VL - 134 UR - https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-134-7-200104030-00016 DO - 10.7326/0003-4819-134-7-200104030-00016 ID - Bach2001 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Miravitlles, M. AU - Torres, A. PY - 2004 DA - 2004// TI - Antibiotics in exacerbations of COPD: lessons from the past JO - Eur Respir J VL - 24 UR - https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.04.00099004 DO - 10.1183/09031936.04.00099004 ID - Miravitlles2004 ER - TY - STD TI - NICE: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: national clinical guideline for management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults in primary and secondary care.Thorax 2004.,59(Suppl I): ID - ref3 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Patel, I. S. AU - Seemungal, T. A. AU - Wilks, M. AU - Lloyd-Owen, S. J. AU - Donaldson, G. C. AU - Wedzicha, J. A. PY - 2002 DA - 2002// TI - Relationship between bacterial colonisation and the frequency, character, and severity of COPD exacerbations JO - Thorax VL - 57 UR - https://doi.org/10.1136/thorax.57.9.759 DO - 10.1136/thorax.57.9.759 ID - Patel2002 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sethi, S. PY - 2004 DA - 2004// TI - Bacteria in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: phenomenon or epiphenomenon? JO - Proc Am Thorac Soc VL - 1 UR - https://doi.org/10.1513/pats.2306029 DO - 10.1513/pats.2306029 ID - Sethi2004 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Seemungal, T. AU - Harper-Owen, R. AU - Bhowmik, A. AU - Moric, I. AU - Sanderson, G. AU - Message, S. AU - Maccallum, P. AU - Meade, T. W. AU - Jeffries, D. J. AU - Johnston, S. L. AU - Wedzicha, J. A. PY - 2001 DA - 2001// TI - Respiratory viruses, symptoms, and inflammatory markers in acute exacerbations and stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease JO - Am J Respir Crit Care Med VL - 164 UR - https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.164.9.2105011 DO - 10.1164/ajrccm.164.9.2105011 ID - Seemungal2001 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Miravitlles, M. AU - Mayordomo, C. AU - Artes, M. AU - Sanchez-Agudo, L. AU - Nicolau, F. AU - Segu, J. L. PY - 1999 DA - 1999// TI - Treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its exacerbations in general practice. EOLO Group. Estudio Observacional de la Limitacion Obstructiva al Flujo aEreo JO - Respir Med VL - 93 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0954-6111(99)90004-5 DO - 10.1016/S0954-6111(99)90004-5 ID - Miravitlles1999 ER - TY - STD TI - Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - GOLD workshop report [http://www.goldcopd.com/] UR - http://www.goldcopd.com/ ID - ref8 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stockley, R. A. AU - O'Brien, C. AU - Pye, A. AU - Hill, S. L. PY - 2000 DA - 2000// TI - Relationship of sputum color to nature and outpatient management of acute exacerbations of COPD JO - Chest VL - 117 UR - https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.117.6.1638 DO - 10.1378/chest.117.6.1638 ID - Stockley2000 ER - TY - JOUR AU - van der Valk, P. AU - Monninkhof, E. AU - van der Palen, J. AU - Zielhuis, G. AU - van Herwaarden, C. AU - Hendrix, R. PY - 2004 DA - 2004// TI - Clinical predictors of bacterial involvement in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease JO - Clin Infect Dis VL - 39 UR - https://doi.org/10.1086/423959 DO - 10.1086/423959 ID - van der Valk2004 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Saint, S. AU - Bent, S. AU - Vittinghoff, E. AU - Grady, D. PY - 1995 DA - 1995// TI - Antibiotics in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations. A meta-analysis JO - JAMA VL - 273 UR - https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1995.03520360071042 DO - 10.1001/jama.1995.03520360071042 ID - Saint1995 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Ram, F. S. AU - Rodriguez-Roisin, R. AU - Granados-Navarrete, A. AU - Garcia-Aymerich, J. AU - Barnes, N. C. PY - 2006 DA - 2006// TI - Antibiotics for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease BT - Cochrane Database Syst Rev ID - Ram2006 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Elmes, P. C. AU - King, T. K. AU - Langlands, J. H. AU - Mackay, J. A. AU - Wallace, W. F. AU - Wade, O. L. AU - Wilson, T. S. PY - 1965 DA - 1965// TI - Value of ampicillin in the hospital treatment of exacerbations of chronic bronchitis JO - British Medical Journal VL - 5467 UR - https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.2.5467.904 DO - 10.1136/bmj.2.5467.904 ID - Elmes1965 ER - TY - STD TI - [http://www.clinicaltrials.gov] UR - http://www.clinicaltrials.gov ID - ref14 ER - TY - CHAP PY - 1997 DA - 1997// TI - Does electroacupuncture reduce craving for alcohol? A randomized controlled study BT - Complementary Therapies in Medicine ID - ref15 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Higgins, J. P. AU - Thompson, S. G. AU - Deeks, J. J. AU - Altman, D. G. PY - 2003 DA - 2003// TI - Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses JO - Bmj VL - 327 UR - https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557 DO - 10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557 ID - Higgins2003 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Celli, B. R. AU - MacNee, W. PY - 2004 DA - 2004// TI - Standards for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with COPD: a summary of the ATS/ERS position paper JO - Eur Respir J VL - 23 UR - https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.04.00014304 DO - 10.1183/09031936.04.00014304 ID - Celli2004 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Egger MS, G. D. AU - Schneider, M. AU - Minder, C. PY - 1997 DA - 1997// TI - Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test JO - British Medical Journal VL - 315 UR - https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629 DO - 10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629 ID - Egger MS1997 ER - TY - STD TI - BRUN-BUISSON CSIMILOWSKI T.: ANTEAB: a Study of Early Antibiotherapy in the ICU Management of Acute Exacerbations of COPD-NCT00190437 . ClinicalTrials.gov ; 2005. ID - ref19 ER - TY - STD TI - Daniels JMAS D.: Placebo Versus Antibiotics in Acute Exacerbations of COPD-NCT00170222. ClinicalTrials.gov ; 2002. ID - ref20 ER - TY - STD TI - Kowalsky S: Double-Blind Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Faropenem Medoxomil In the Treatment of Chronic Bronchitis-NCT00255983 . ClinicalTrials.gov ; 2005. ID - ref21 ER - TY - STD TI - van der Palen J: ABC-trial-SRCTN10798392. Current Controlled Trials; 2005. ID - ref22 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Allegra LG, C. AU - Grossi, E. AU - Pozzi, E. AU - Blasi, F. AU - Frigerio, D. AU - Nastri, A. AU - Montanari, C. AU - Montanari, M. AU - Serra, G. PY - 1991 DA - 1991// TI - The role of antibiotics in the treatment of chronic bronchitis exacerbation: follow-up of a multicenter study JO - Ital J Chest Dis VL - 45 ID - Allegra LG1991 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Anthonisen, N. R. AU - Manfreda, J. AU - Warren, C. P. AU - Hershfield, E. S. AU - Harding, G. K. AU - Nelson, N. A. PY - 1987 DA - 1987// TI - Antibiotic therapy in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease JO - Annals of Internal Medicine VL - 106 UR - https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-106-2-196 DO - 10.7326/0003-4819-106-2-196 ID - Anthonisen1987 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Berry, D. G. F. J. AU - Hindley, C. P. PY - 1960 DA - 1960// TI - Exacerbations of chronic bronchitis treatment with oxytetracycline BT - Lancet ID - Berry1960 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Elmes, P. C. F. C. M. AU - Dutton, A. A. C. PY - 1957 DA - 1957// TI - Prophylactic use of oxytetracycline for exacerbations of chronic bronchitis JO - British Medical Journal VL - 5056 UR - https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.2.5056.1272 DO - 10.1136/bmj.2.5056.1272 ID - Elmes1957 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fear, E. C. AU - Edwards, G. PY - 1962 DA - 1962// TI - Antibiotic regimens in chronic bronchitis JO - Br J Dis Chest VL - 56 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-0971(62)80012-6 DO - 10.1016/S0007-0971(62)80012-6 ID - Fear1962 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jorgensen, A. F. AU - Coolidge, J. AU - Pedersen, P. A. AU - Petersen, K. P. AU - Waldorff, S. AU - Widding, E. PY - 1992 DA - 1992// TI - Amoxicillin in treatment of acute uncomplicated exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. A double-blind, placebo-controlled multicentre study in general practice JO - Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care VL - 10 UR - https://doi.org/10.3109/02813439209014027 DO - 10.3109/02813439209014027 ID - Jorgensen1992 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sachs, A. P. AU - Koeter, G. H. AU - Groenier, K. H. AU - van der, W. D. AU - Schiphuis, J. AU - Meyboom-de, J. B. PY - 1995 DA - 1995// TI - Changes in symptoms, peak expiratory flow, and sputum flora during treatment with antibiotics of exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in general practice JO - Thorax VL - 50 UR - https://doi.org/10.1136/thx.50.7.758 DO - 10.1136/thx.50.7.758 ID - Sachs1995 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Alonso Martinez, J. L. R. O. M. T. AU - Samperiz Legarre, A. L. AU - Escolar Castellon, F. AU - Carrasco del Amo, M. E. PY - 1992 DA - 1992// TI - Antibiotic treatment for acute episodes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [Tratamiento con antibioticos de las agudizaciones de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva cronica] JO - Anales de Medicina Interna VL - 9 ID - Alonso Martinez1992 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Manresa, F. AU - Blavia, R. AU - Martin, R. AU - Linares, J. AU - Rodriguez, B. AU - Verdaguer, R. PY - 1987 DA - 1987// TI - Antibiotics for exacerbations of chronic bronchitis JO - Lancet VL - 2 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(87)92411-1 DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(87)92411-1 ID - Manresa1987 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nouira, S. AU - Marghli, S. AU - Belghith, M. AU - Besbes, L. AU - Elatrous, S. AU - Abroug, F. PY - 2001 DA - 2001// TI - Once daily oral ofloxacin in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation requiring mechanical ventilation: a randomised placebo-controlled trial.[see comment] JO - Lancet VL - 358 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(01)07097-0 DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(01)07097-0 ID - Nouira2001 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Petersen, E. S. AU - Esmann, V. AU - Honcke, P. AU - Munkner, C. PY - 1967 DA - 1967// TI - A controlled study of the effect of treatment on chronic bronchitis. An evaluation using pulmonary function tests JO - Acta Medica Scandinavica VL - 182 UR - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1967.tb11527.x DO - 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1967.tb11527.x ID - Petersen1967 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pines, A. AU - Raafat, H. AU - Greenfield, J. S. AU - Linsell, W. D. AU - Solari, M. E. PY - 1972 DA - 1972// TI - Antibiotic regimens in moderately ill patients with purulent exacerbations of chronic bronchitis JO - British Journal of Diseases of the Chest VL - 66 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/0007-0971(72)90016-2 DO - 10.1016/0007-0971(72)90016-2 ID - Pines1972 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pines, A. AU - Raafat, H. AU - Plucinski, K. AU - Greenfield, J. S. AU - Solari, M. PY - 1968 DA - 1968// TI - Antibiotic regimens in severe and acute purulent exacerbations of chronic bronchitis JO - British Medical Journal VL - 2 UR - https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.2.5607.735 DO - 10.1136/bmj.2.5607.735 ID - Pines1968 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Seemungal, T. A. AU - Donaldson, G. C. AU - Bhowmik, A. AU - Jeffries, D. J. AU - Wedzicha, J. A. PY - 2000 DA - 2000// TI - Time course and recovery of exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease JO - Am J Respir Crit Care Med VL - 161 UR - https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.161.5.9908022 DO - 10.1164/ajrccm.161.5.9908022 ID - Seemungal2000 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Wood-Baker, R. R. AU - Gibson, P. G. AU - Hannay, M. AU - Walters, E. H. AU - Walters, J. A. PY - 2005 DA - 2005// TI - Systemic corticosteroids for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease BT - Cochrane Database Syst Rev ID - Wood-Baker2005 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Seemungal, T. A. AU - Donaldson, G. C. AU - Paul, E. A. AU - Bestall, J. C. AU - Jeffries, D. J. AU - Wedzicha, J. A. PY - 1998 DA - 1998// TI - Effect of exacerbation on quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease JO - Am J Respir Crit Care Med VL - 157 UR - https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.157.5.9709032 DO - 10.1164/ajrccm.157.5.9709032 ID - Seemungal1998 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Christ-Crain, M. AU - Jaccard-Stolz, D. AU - Bingisser, R. AU - Gencay, M. M. AU - Huber, P. R. AU - Tamm, M. AU - Muller, B. PY - 2004 DA - 2004// TI - Effect of procalcitonin-guided treatment on antibiotic use and outcome in lower respiratory tract infections: cluster-randomised, single-blinded intervention trial JO - Lancet VL - 363 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15591-8 DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15591-8 ID - Christ-Crain2004 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Polzin, A. AU - Pletz, M. AU - Erbes, R. AU - Raffenberg, M. AU - Mauch, H. AU - Wagner, S. AU - Arndt, G. AU - Lode, H. PY - 2003 DA - 2003// TI - Procalcitonin as a diagnostic tool in lower respiratory tract infections and tuberculosis JO - Eur Respir J VL - 21 UR - https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.03.00055103 DO - 10.1183/09031936.03.00055103 ID - Polzin2003 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Soler, N. AU - Agusti, C. AU - Angrill, J. AU - Puig de la Bellacasa, J. AU - Torres, A. PY - 2007 DA - 2007// TI - Bronchoscopic validation of the significance of sputum purulence in severe exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease JO - Thorax VL - 62 UR - https://doi.org/10.1136/thx.2005.056374 DO - 10.1136/thx.2005.056374 ID - Soler2007 ER -