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Table 3 Crude risk ratios (RRc) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of cardiovascular mortality for impaired respiratory health and lung function indicators at 5 and at 12 years of survival time and p-value for interaction with baseline, results of Cox' regression analysis.

From: Does respiratory health contribute to the effects of long-term air pollution exposure on cardiovascular mortality?

Respiratory symptoms and lung function

RR c , 95% CI at 5 years

RR c , 95% CI at 12 years

p-value for interaction with baseline

Chronic Bronchitis by physician diagnose

1.53

0.83–2.79

1.65

0.93–2.95

0.7986

Frequent cough with phlegm production

1.34

0.71–2.51

1.65

0.94–2.89

0.5377

Frequent cough

1.17

0.73–1.89

1.21

0.76–1.93

0.9006

FEV1 < 80% of predicted value

3.79

1.64–8.74

1.35

0.66–2.77

0.0303

FVC <80% of predicted value

5.03

2.10–12.02

1.89

1.01–3.57

0.0445

  1. Abbreviations:
  2. FEV1: Forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC: Forced vital capacity;