Table 2 Characteristics* of the study population, the SAPALDIA Cohort
| Â | All | Women | Men |
|---|---|---|---|
N | 4686 | 2455/52.4% | 2231/47.6% |
Age [years] | 40.8 (± 11.5) | 41.2 (± 11.4) | 40.4 (± 11.6) |
BMI at baseline [kg/m2] | 23.7 (± 3.6) | 22.9 (± 3.8) | 24.5 (± 3.2) |
BMI at follow-up [kg/m2] | 25.8 (± 4.4) | 25.2 (± 4.8) | 26.5 (± 3.8) |
Weight change | Â | Â | Â |
during follow-up [kg] | 5.6 (± 6.2) | 5.5 (± 6.1) | 5.7 (± 6.3) |
Smoking †|  |  |  |
Never smokers | 2258/48.2 | 1354/55.2 | 904/40.5 |
Ever smokers | 2428/51.8 | 1101/44.8 | 1327/59.5 |
   Persistent smokers | 1026/21.9 | 487/19.8 | 539/24.2 |
   Others | 1402/29.9 | 614/25.0 | 788/35.3 |
   Pack-years up to baseline ‡ | 18.4 (± 18.4) | 14.5 (± 14.5) | 21.8 (± 20.6) |
   Pack-years during follow-up ‡ | 6.4 (± 8.5) | 5.5 (± 6.5) | 7.1 (± 9.8) |
Lung Function | Â | Â | Â |
FEV1 at baseline [L] | 3.6 (± 0.8) | 3.1 (± 0.6) | 4.1 (± 0.7) |
FVC at baseline [L] | 4.5 (± 1.1) | 3.8 (± 0.6) | 5.3 (± 0.8) |
FEF25–75 at baseline [L] | 3.4 (± 1.2) | 3.1 (± 1.0) | 3.8 (± 1.3) |
Annual change FEV1 [ml/yr] | -35.5 (± 30.2) | -31.8 (± 26.2) | -39.6 (± 33.6) |
Annual change FVC [ml/yr] | -24.2 (± 41.0) | -20.6 (± 34.9) | -28.3 (± 46.5) |
Annual change FEF25–75 [ml/yr] | -71.3 (± 65.4) | -68.6 (± 59.4) | -74.1 (± 71.2) |
FEV1 % pred. at baseline § | 100.2 (± 13.3) | 100.8 (± 13.4) | 99.4 (± 13.2) |
FEV1 % pred. at follow-up § | 97.0 (± 14.4) | 98.6 (± 14.1) | 95.4 (± 14.6) |
FEV1/FVC at baseline [%] | 79.2 (± 7.6) | 80.4(± 7.4) | 78.0 (± 7.7) |
FEV1/FVC at follow-up [%] | 74.8 (± 7.5) | 75.5 (± 7.1) | 74.0 (± 7.8) |
FEV1/FVC at follow-up <70% | 1030/22.0 | 473/19.3 | 557/25.0 |
Positive BHR at baseline [%] | 612/16.1 | 394/20.3 | 218/11.7 |
Genotypes | Â | Â | Â |
GSTM1 deletion | 2477/52.9 | 1306/53.2 | 11171/52.5 |
GSTT1 deletion | 844/18.0 | 466/19.0 | 378/17.0 |
GSTP1 Ile105Val | Â | Â | Â |
   Ile/Ile | 2219/47.4 | 1162/47.3 | 1057/47.4 |
   Ile/Val | 2025/43.2 | 1068/43.5 | 957/42.9 |
   Val/Val | 442/9.4 | 225/9.2 | 217/9.7 |