Lung epithelium as a sentinel and effector system in pneumonia – molecular mechanisms of pathogen recognition and signal transduction

Table 1 Important pathogens causing pneumonia

Pathogen	CAP	HAP/HCAP	Adults	Children
Bacteria
S. pneumoniae	+++	+++	+++	+++
H. influenzae	++	++	++	++
M. pneumoniae	+++	+	++	+++
Chlamydia spp.	+		(+)	++
Klebsiella spp.	+	++
Legionella spp.	++	+++
S. aureus	++	+++	+++	+
P. aerugenosa	+	+++	+
Acinetobacter spp.		++
Viruses
RSV	++		+	+++
Rhinovirus	++		(+)	++
Influenza virus	++	+	+	++
Parainfluenza virus	++		+	++
Fungi
Candida spp.		++1
Aspergillus spp.		++1
P. jirovecii		+2

+ indicates the relative importance of the pathogen and the frequency of isolation in adults or children. 1 of importance in immunocompromised hosts. 2 important opportunistic pathogen in HIV/AIDS patients. CAP, community-acquired pneumonia; HAP, hospital-acquired pneumonia; HCAP, health-care associated pneumonia. Based on collective data [2,5,6,15-18,23,252,253].

ISSN: 1465-993X