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Table 5 Adjusted odds ratios for respiratory health outcomes according prenatal, early-life and current exposure.

From: Prenatal and postnatal tobacco smoke exposure and respiratory health in Russian children

Health outcome

Prenatal exposure

Early-life exposure

Exposure after age of 2

Current exposure

 

Adjusted OR 1 (95% CI)

Adjusted OR 2 (95% CI)

Adjusted OR 1 (95% CI)

Adjusted OR 2 (95% CI)

Adjusted OR 1 (95% CI)

Adjusted OR 2 (95% CI)

Adjusted OR 1 (95% CI)

Adjusted OR 2 (95% CI)

Doctor diagnosed asthma

Ever

2.40

(1.17 – 4.93)

2.46

(1.19 – 5.08)

1.39

(0.94 – 2.06)

1.38

(0.93 – 2.06)

1.45

(0.97 – 2.17)

1.45

(0.96 – 2.18)

1.10

(0.74 – 1.63)

1.05

(0.70 – 1.58)

Current

2.55

(1.13 – 5.78)

2.64

(1.16 – 6.03)

1.35

(0.87 – 2.12)

1.36

(0.86 – 2.15)

1.44

(0.91 – 2.27)

1.44

(0.90 – 2.32)

1.19

(0.75 – 1.87)

1.09

(0.68 – 1.74)

Asthma like symptoms

1.48

(1.01 – 2.15)

1.39

(0.93 – 2.08)

1.28

(1.07 – 1.52)

1.26

(1.05 – 1.51)

1.23

(1.03 – 1.47)

1.22

(1.02 – 1.47)

1.09

(0.91 – 1.30)

1.09

(0.90 – 1.30)

Wheezing

Ever without cold

0.74

(0.30 – 1.83)

0.59

(0.21 – 1.63)

1.24

(0.91 – 1.69)

1.24

(0.91 – 1.70)

1.40

(1.02 – 1.92)

1.42

(1.03 – 1.96)

1.00

(0.73 – 1.38)

1.00

(0.72 – 1.37)

Current

1.37

(0.97 – 1.94)

1.30

(0.90 – 1.89)

1.18

(1.01 – 1.38)

1.15

(0.98 – 1.36)

1.20

(1.03 – 1.41)

1.18

(1.00 – 1.39)

1.09

(0.93 – 1.28)

1.06

(0.90 – 1.25)

Cough

Ever

1.51

(1.13 – 2.02)

1.54

(1.14 – 2.08)

1.35

(1.2 – 1.53)

1.34

(1.18 – 1.52)

1.49

(1.31 – 1.68)

1.46

(1.28 – 1.66)

1.33

(1.18 – 1.51)

1.33

(1.17 – 1.51)

Persistent

1.11

(0.63 – 1.95)

0.98

(0.53 – 1.8)

1.27

(1.00 – 1.6)

1.20

(0.94 – 1.53)

1.27

(1 – 1.62)

1.23

(0.96 – 1.58)

1.24

(0.98 – 1.58)

1.19

(0.93 – 1.52)

Phlegm

Ever

0.98

(0.58 – 1.65)

0.98

(0.57 – 1.69)

1.15

(0.93 – 1.41)

1.15

(0.92 – 1.42)

1.39

(1.13 – 1.72)

1.38

(1.11 – 1.71)

1.31

(1.06 – 1.62)

1.37

(1.1 – 1.7)

Persistent

0.56

(0.14 – 2.34)

0.56

(0.13 – 2.35)

1.33

(0.85 – 2.07)

1.33

(0.84 – 2.11)

1.68

(1.05 – 2.68)

1.74

(1.07 – 2.84)

0.82

(0.52 – 1.31)

0.84

(0.52 – 1.35)

Doctor-diag bronchitis ever

1.41

(1.06 – 1.88)

1.45

(1.08 – 1.96)

1.28

(1.14 – 1.45)

1.27

(1.12 – 1.44)

1.33

(1.18 – 1.51)

1.34

(1.18 – 1.52)

1.12

(0.99 – 1.26)

1.09

(0.96 – 1.24)

Current bronchitis

1.71

(1.14 – 2.56)

1.63

(1.06 – 2.49)

1.06

(0.87 – 1.28)

1.04

(0.85 – 1.27)

1.11

(0.92 – 1.34)

1.10

(0.90 – 1.34)

1.01

(0.83 – 1.22)

0.96

(0.79 – 1.18)

Respiratory infections

Upper respiratory infection

0.77

(0.57 – 1.03)

0.74

(0.54 – 1.01)

1.25

(1.10 – 1.41)

1.25

(1.09 – 1.42)

1.28

(1.13 – 1.45)

1.29

(1.12 – 1.47)

1.04

(0.92 – 1.18)

1.05

(0.92 – 1.20)

Severe upper respiratory infection

1.21

(0.90 – 1.63)

1.14

(0.83 – 1.56)

1.24

(1.10 – 1.40)

1.23

(1.09 – 1.40)

1.18

(1.04 – 1.33)

1.18

(1.04 – 1.34)

1.04

(0.92 – 1.17)

1.05

(0.93 – 1.19)

Allergy

Any

0.98

(0.74 – 1.31)

1.00

(0.74 – 1.35)

1.30

(1.16 – 1.46)

1.26

(1.13 – 1.42)

1.20

(1.07 – 1.35)

1.18

(1.05 – 1.33)

1.12

(1 – 1.25)

1.11

(0.99 – 1.25)

Respiratory

1.14

(0.70 – 1.85)

1.13

(0.68 – 1.87)

1.24

(1.02 – 1.51)

1.20

(0.99 – 1.47)

1.10

(0.90 – 1.34)

1.09

(0.89 – 1.33)

1.05

(0.86 – 1.28)

1.05

(0.86 – 1.29)

  1. 1 Logistic regression analysis: adjusted for the core covariates including study area, age, gender, mother's education, and parental asthma.
  2. 2 Logistic regression analysis: adjusted for the core covariates, preterm delivery and low birth weight.
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Respiratory Research

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