Table 1 Prevalence of the respiratory health outcomes in the study population. The 95% confidence intervals are based on binomial distribution.
From: Prenatal and postnatal tobacco smoke exposure and respiratory health in Russian children
Health outcome | Definition | Prevalence (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
Doctor diagnosed asthma | ||
Ever | Ever told by doctor that the child has asthma | 1.9 (1.5 – 2.3) |
Current | Diagnosed by doctor with shortness of breath, wheeze, or use of asthma medication within past 12 months | 1.5 (1.2 – 1.8) |
Asthma like symptoms | Asthma symptoms or asthma medication use, awakening by asthma, wheezing upon exercise, or hospital care for wheezing within past 12 months | 10.3 (9.5 – 11.1) |
Wheezing | ||
Ever without cold | Wheezing heard from distance without a cold | 3.1 (2.6 – 3.5) |
Current | Wheezing heard from distance with or without a cold, shortness of breath with wheezing, awakening at night by wheezing, wheezing with exercise, or use of medication or hospitalisation within past 12 months for wheezing | 13.4 (12.5 – 14.3) |
Cough | ||
Any ever | Usual cough day or night | 25.7 (24.6 – 26.9) |
Any persistent | Cough ≥ 3 consecutive months within past 12 months | 5.5 (4.9 – 6.1) |
Phlegm | ||
Ever | Wet cough or phlegm produced without a cold | 7.0 (6.3 – 7.7) |
Persistent | Wet cough or phlegm ≥ 3 consecutive months within past 12 months | 1.5 (1.2 – 1.9) |
Doctor diagnosed bronchitis ever | Ever told by doctor that child has bronchitis | 25.6 (24.5 – 26.8) |
Current bronchitis | Doctor-diagnosed bronchitis within past 12 months | 8.3 (7.6 – 9.0) |
Respiratory infections | ||
Upper respiratory infection | Acute upper respiratory infection within past 12 months | 76.9 (75.8 – 78.0) |
Severe upper respiratory infection | Two or more acute upper respiratory infections within past 12 months | 24.2 (23.1 – 25.3) |
Allergy | ||
Any | Doctor-diagnosed allergy, reported hay fever, or pollenosis | 33.2 (32.0 – 34.4) |
Respiratory | Hay fever or doctor-diagnosed allergies to airborne substances (e.g., dust, animals, molds, pollens, air pollution, tobacco smoke) | 8.0 (7.3 – 8.7) |