Table 3 Maintenance treatment at discharge (%) in relation to two-year mortality (ICS = inhaled corticosteroids, LABA = long-acting beta-2-agonists)
From: Mortality in COPD patients discharged from hospital: the role of treatment and co-morbidity
Alive | Dead | p-value | Hazard risk ratio* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
No ICS or LABA | 13.4 | 30.4 | <0.0001 | 1 |
ICS without LABA | 22.1 | 19.1 | 0.51 | 0.30 (0.12–0.73) |
LABA without ICS | 14.5 | 7.8 | 0.07 | 0.45 (0.23–0.89) |
Both ICS and LABA | 50.5 | 42.6 | 0.15 | 0.47 (0.26–0.84) |
Short acting beta-2-agonists MDI** | 34.5 | 39.1 | 0.39 | 1.27 (0.78–2.08) |
Ipratropium MDI** | 33.8 | 38.4 | 0.38 | 1.07 (0.65–1.74) |
Theophylline** | 26.1 | 30.4 | 0.38 | 0.79 (0.48–1.30) |
Nebulised beta-2-agonists and/or ipratropium** | 27.2 | 49.1 | 0.0001 | 1.38 (0.83–2.28) |
Long-term oxygen | 20.8 | 30.3 | 0.03 | 1.07 (0.62–1.84) |