Figure 1

Effects of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) on the elastance of excised lungs. After standardizing the volume history by inflating to 25 cm H₂O, the excised lungs were ventilated at a tidal volume of 0.3 ml and 3 cm of PEEP. Elastance (mean ± SEM, n = 7 in each group) was calculated prior to (solid bars) and after (open bars) administration of aerosolized carbamylcholine (CCh). (#) p < 0.05, VAD compared to vitamin A sufficient (VAS), prior to CCh. (*) p < 0.05, VAD, VAD + 12 days (d) and VAD + 21 d of retinoic acid (RA) compared to VAS, after CCh. 2-way ANOVA, Student-Newman-Keuls post-hoc test.