Table 2 Studies measuring cytokines in patients with or at risk for ARDS
From: Serum biomarkers in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome an ailing prognosticator
Investigator | Patients Controls | Biomarker / Summary | ROC curve analysis Cut-off values | Specificity – Sensitivity PPV – NPV | Limitations |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pinsky et al. 13 | 52 at risk | Relation of IL-6 and TNF plasma levels to multiple-system organ failure and mortality | No | Not estimated | Small number of patients No ROC curve analysis / cut-off levels No serial measurement |
Takala et al. 14 | 20 at risk 56 controls | IL-6 and IL-8 plasma levels predict organ failure in community-acquired septic shock | No | Not estimated | Small number of patients No ROC curve analysis / cut-off levels Poor discriminative value of serum biomarkers per se |
Calandra et al. 15 | 70 at risk | IL-6 plasma levels do not predict the outcome in at risk patients for ARDS | No | Not reported | Small number of patients No ROC curve analysis |
Kiehl et al. 16 | 19 at risk | TNFa, IL-6, IL-8 plasma levels fail to associate with severity and course of ARDS in leukocytopenic patients | No | Not estimated | Small number of patients No ROC curve analysis / cut-off levels Leukocytopenic patients |
Meduri et al. 18 | 27 ARDS | TNFa, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8 Superiority of IL-1β and IL-6 plasma levels in monitoring disease activity over commonly applied clinicophysiologic parameters. | Yes TNFa: 400 pg/ml IL-1β: 400 pg/ml IL-2: 200 pg/ml IL-4: 200 pg/ml IL-6: 400 pg/ml IL-8: 400 pg/ml | TNFa: 89-50-85-57% IL-1β: 78-83-83-78% IL-2: 89-83-90-80% IL-4: 89-50-85-57% IL-6: 77-75-81-70% IL-8: 66-50-66-50% | Small number of patients Perspective study Overlap of cytokine levels between survivors and non-survivors Heterogeneity of studied population Definition criteria of ARDS |
Agouridakis et al. 19 | 8 ARDSa 26 at risk | Association between increased levels of IL-2 and IL-15 and outcome in patients with early ARDS | Yes IL-2: 173 pg/ml IL-15: 250 pg/ml | IL-2: 100-100-100-100% IL-15: 100-100-100-100% | Small number of patients Limited number of studied molecules |