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Table 1 Characteristics of study participants

From: Long-term air pollution exposure and living close to busy roads are associated with COPD in women

Participants (N = 4757)

n/N

%

 

Time of residency ≥ 5 years under

   

current address

4255/4749

89.6

 

Smoking status

   

Never -smoker without ETS

1762/4396

40.1

 

Never-smoking with ETS

1472/4396

33.5

 

Ex-smoker

384/4396

8.7

 

Current smoker

   

<15 pack years

269/4396

6.1

 

15–30 pack years

282/4396

6.4

 

>30 pack years

227/4396

5.7

 

Single room heating with fossil fuels

1039/4653

21.8

 

Occupational exposure to dust/fumes

552/4757

11.6

 

Occupational exposure to extreme temperatures

469/4757

9.9

 

Social status

   

Low

1401/4702

29.8

 

Medium

2248/4702

47.8

 

High

1051/4702

22.4

 
 

N

mean

SD

Age [years]

4755

54.5

0.6

Body Mass Index [kg/m2]

3844

27.7

4.7

Height [cm]

3846

162.1

5.8