Figure 1

Cell differentiation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid upon air or cigarette smoke exposure. Effect of cigarette smoke (CS) exposure for 1 month or 6 months on cell differentiation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (absolute numbers in BAL fluid) in wild type mice and scid mice (air-exposed mice: open bar, CS-exposed mice: closed bar): (A) total BAL cells, (B) neutrophils, (C) macrophages, (D) dendritic cells, (E) CD4⁺ T-cells and (F) CD8⁺ T-cells. Animals (n = 8) were exposed to 5 cigarettes/group/exposure; 4 exposures/day; 5 days/week. Results are expressed as means ± SEM (** p < 0.001 versus wild type mice at corresponding timepoint). Numbers of total BAL cells, neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T-cells are significantly increased in CS-exposed versus air-exposed wild type mice and scid mice. No CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T-cells were detected in BAL of scid mice.