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Table 1 Characteristics of included studies

From: Long-acting beta-agonists plus inhaled corticosteroids safety: a systematic review and meta-analysis of non-randomized studies

Author and publication year

Study design

Sample size (n)

Age (years)

Administration mode

Follow-up period

Ascertainment of asthma

Outcomes

Endpoint measure

       

Specific

Combined

 

Wells et al., 2012 [22]

RC

1,828

12-56

Single inhaler

*2.1(2.0) years

Asthma treatment

-------

1- Asthma-related hospitalization OR asthma-related ED visit OR Systemic Corticosteroid use

aHR

Jacobs et al., 2012 [23]

C-C

181

4-18

Not stated

NA

Clinical diagnosis

1- ICU admission

-------

aOR OR

2- Deaths

3- Intubation

4- Positive air pressure use

Stanford et al., 2012 [24]

RC

10,837

65-79

Single inhaler

12 months

Claims for asthma

1- Asthma-related hospitalization

1- Asthma-related hospitalization OR asthma-related ED visits

aHR

2- Asthma-related ED visits

3- Systemic Corticosteroid use

Guo et al., 2011 [21]

RC

514,216

0-40

Single & Separate inhalers

-

Claims for asthma

-------

1- Asthma-related hospitalization OR asthma-related ED visits OR Asthma-related intubations

aHR

Stanford et al., 2010 [25]

RC

50,428

> 4

Single inhaler

*290.4 (102.8) days

Claims for asthma

1- Asthma-related hospitalization

1- Asthma-related hospitalization OR asthma-related ED visits

aHR

2- Asthma-related ED visits

Hagiwara et al., 2010 [26]

RC

894

12-64

Single inhaler

3-12 months

Claims for asthma

1-Asthma-related hospitalization

1- Hospitalization OR ED visits

aOR

2-Asthma-related ED visits

2- Hospitalization OR ED visits OR Systemic Corticosteroid use

3-Use of SABAs

Delea et al., 2010 [27]

RC

1,744

> 12

Single inhaler

3-12 months

Claims for asthma

1- ED visits

1- ED visits OR Hospitalization

aOR

2- ED visits OR hospitalization OR Systemic Corticosteroid use

de Vries et al., 2010 [28]

RC

467,639

>18

Not stated

5 years

Claims for asthma

1- All mortality;

-------

aRR

2- Asthma-related mortality

3-Asthma-related hospitalization

4-GP visits for exacerbation

Lee et al., 2010 [29]

RC

28,074

18-56

Single & Separate inhalers

12 months

Claims for asthma

1- Asthma-related hospitalization

-------

OR

2-Asthma-related ED visits

3-Systemic Corticosteroid use

4- SABAs use

Thomas et al., 2009 [30]

RC

64,348

10-58

Single & Separate inhalers

12 months

Claims for asthma and asthma treatment

1- Respiratory Hospitalization

1- Asthma-related hospitalization OR asthma-related ED visits OR > 2 prescription of Systemic Corticosteroid uses OR SABA prescription

aOR

2- Systemic Corticosteroid use

3- SABAs use

Stanford et al., 2008 [31]

RC

58,270

> 12

Single inhaler

12 months

Claim for asthma

1-Asthma-related Hospitalization

1- Asthma-related ED visits OR asthma-related Hospitalization

aOR

2- Asthma-related ED visits

aHR

Campbell et al., 2008 [32]

PC

684

> 18

Single inhaler

24 months

Severe asthma

-------

1- Asthma-related hospitalization OR asthma-related ED visit OR Systemic Corticosteroid use

aOR OR

Colice et al., 2008 [33]

RC

1,283

6-64

Not stated

12 months

Claims for asthma

1- Asthma-related hospitalization

-------

OR

2- Asthma-related ED visits

Delea et al., 2008 [34]

RC

2,269

> 5

Single & Separate inhalers

12 months

Claims for asthma

1- Asthma-related hospitalization

1- Asthma-related hospitalization OR ED visits OR Systemic Corticosteroid use OR alternative study medication

aOR

2- Asthma-related ED visits

2- Asthma-related hospitalizations OR ED visits OR oral corticosteroid

3- Oral corticosteroids use

3- Asthma-related hospitalization OR ED visits hospitalization

Friedman et al., 2007 [35]

RC

5,503

12-65

Single inhaler

12 months

Claims for asthma

1-Asthma-related hospitalization

-------

aOR

2-Asthma-related ED visits

3- Any ED visits

Zhang et al., 2007 [36]

RC

2,596

15-55

Single & Separate inhalers

12 months

Claims for asthma

1- Oral corticosteroid use

1- Asthma-related hospitalization OR asthma-related ED visits

OR

2- SABA use

Stempel et al., 2006 [37]

RC

9,192

4-17

Single inhaler

12 months

Claims for asthma

1- SABA use

1- Asthma-related hospitalization OR asthma-related ED visit

aRR

2-Corticosteroids use

O’Connor et al., 2005 [38]

RC

2,414

> 15

Single & Separate inhalers

12 months

Claims for asthma

-------

1- Asthma-related hospitalization OR ED visits

aOR aHR

Nguyen et al., 2005 [20]

B-A

50

4-17

Single inhaler

12 months

Enrolled patients

1- Asthma-related hospitalization

-------

aRR

       

2- Asthma-related ED visits

  
  1. RC: Retrospective Cohort; C-C: Case-control study; PC: Prospective cohort; B-A: Before-after study; * = Mean (SD); SABA = Short- Acting Beta-Agonist; ED = Emergency Department; HR = Hazard Ratio; OR = Odds Ratio; aHR = Adjusted HR; aOR = Adjusted OR.