Table 7 Clinical outcomes and hospital resource use for patients with and without antibiotic pre-treatment
Outcome, n (%) | Early responders n = 332 | Later responders n = 253 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Without antibiotic pre-treatment n = 266 | With antibiotic pre-treatment n = 61 | Without antibiotic pre-treatment n = 184 | With antibiotic pre-treatment n = 58 | |
Antibiotic treatment modification while on initial therapy (excluding streamlining*) | 38 (14.3) | 7 (11.5) | 66 (35.9) | 20 (34.5) |
Time to clinical stability, days, mean (SD) [median] based on Halm's criteria | 2.6 (1.0) [2.0] | 2.8 (0.9) [3.0] | 9.2 (7.0) [7.0] | 8.5 (5.7) [7.0] |
Length of stay†, days, mean (SD) [median] | 10.1 (7.7) [8.0] | 8.6 (4.5) [7.0] | 17.0 (12.6) [13.0] | 15.3 (9.9) [12.0] |
Patients admitted to ICU | 9 (3.4) | 2 (3.3) | 44 (23.9) | 9 (15.5) |
Time in ICU‡, days mean (SD) [median] (n) | 6.3 (6.3) [4.0] (n = 9) | 5.5 (2.1) [5.5] (n = 2) | 10.8 (10.9) [8.0] (n = 44) | 8.9 (4.3) [9.0] (n = 8) |
Reinfection/recurrence§ | 9 (3.4) | 2 (3.3) | 10 (5.4) | 5 (8.6) |
Home-based care after discharge | 6 (2.3) | 0 | 9 (4.9) | 2 (3.4) |
Blood pressure support during hospitalization | ||||
Fluid resuscitation | 19 (7.1) | 4 (6.6) | 26 (14.1) | 9 (15.5) |
Vasopressors | 2 (0.8) | 0 | 12 (6.5) | 5 (8.6) |
Invasive procedures | 0 | 1 (1.6) | 3 (1.6) | 0 |
Isolation required | 24 (9.0) | 3 (4.9) | 17 (9.2) | 7 (12.1) |
Mechanical ventilation required during hospitalization | 23 (8.6) | 1 (1.6) | 40 (21.7) | 7 (12.1) |
Invasive | 12 (4.5) | 0 | 22 (12.0) | 5 (8.6) |
Non-invasive | 11 (4.1) | 1 (1.6) | 23 (12.5) | 2 (3.4) |
Parenteral nutrition | 4 (1.5) | 1 (1.6) | 17 (9.2) | 1 (1.7) |
Duration of parenteral nutrition, days, mean (SD) [median] | 4.5 (1.0) [5.0] | 12.0 (-) [12.0] | 8.6 (5.3) [7.0] | 3.0 (-) [3.0] |
Acute renal failure necessitating renal replacement therapy | 1 (0.4) | 0 | 5 (2.7) | 1 (1.7) |
Duration of renal failure, days, mean (SD) [median] | 2.0 (-) [2.0] | - | 14.3 (16.0) [9.5] | - |
Septic shock during hospitalization | 1 (0.4) | 0 | 15 (8.2) | 5 (8.6) |
Mortality | 2 (0.8) | 0 | 1 (0.5) | 3 (5.2) |