Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the study groups

Male, n (%)

63 (94)

307 (91)

NS

Age, years

66.1 ± 11.7

72.4 ± 8.0

<0.001

Smoking, pack-years

49.3 ± 27.9

56.7 ± 30.3

NS

Never smoker, n (%)

0 (0)

15 (4)

NS

Ex-smoker, n (%)

50 (75)

282 (84)

NS

Current smoker, n (%)

17 (25)

39 (12)

<0.01

BMI, kg/m²

22.8 ± 4.1

22.5 ± 3.3

NS

%VC, %

94.5 ± 16.5

94.7 ± 18.6

NS

%FEV₁, %

89.6 ± 16.4

61.6 ± 21.6

<0.001

CAT score

9.4 ± 6.6

12.4 ± 8.3

<0.01

SGRQ total

20.7 ± 16.4

29.4 ± 19.6

<0.001