From: Factors associated with change in exacerbation frequency in COPD
Year 1 Category | Year 1 IE (n=1289) | Year 1 FE (n=543) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year 2 Category | Stayed as IE (n=1068) | Change to FE (n=221) | p-value | Stayed as FE (n=333) | Change to IE (n=210) | p-value |
Characteristics at Year 1 Assessment | ||||||
Age (years) | 64 (7) | 64 (7) | 0.496 | 64 (7) | 65 (7) | 0.508 |
Females (%) | 31% | 41% | 0.002 | 42% | 40% | 0.561 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 27 (6) | 26 (5) | 0.007 | 26 (6) | 26 (5) | 0.918 |
Active smoker (%) | 37% | 35% | 0.646 | 33% | 32% | 0.776 |
*FEV1 (L) | 1.52 (0.56) | 1.23 (0.45) | <0.001 | 1.09 (0.41) | 1.23 (0.50) | <0.001 |
*FEV1 %predicted | 53 (16) | 45 (15) | <0.001 | 41 (15) | 46 (16) | 0.001 |
*FEV1/FVC % | 47 (12) | 43 (11) | <0.001 | 41 (11) | 43 (12) | 0.098 |
6-minute walk distance (m) | 402 (124) | 388 (114) | 0.125 | 339 (125) | 368 (107) | 0.006 |
%predicted 6MWD | 77 (23) | 76 (22) | 0.480 | 66 (24) | 73 (21) | 0.002 |
Blood oxygen saturation (%) | 95.0 (2.8) | 94.4 (2.7) | 0.012 | 93.9 (3.2) | 94.5 (2.7) | 0.031 |
Emphysema LAA% (-950HU) | 16 (12) | 20 (13) | <0.001 | 21 (13) | 19 (13) | 0.126 |
mMRC Dyspnoea Score | 1.5 (1.0) | 1.7 (1.1) | 0.004 | 2.1 (1.0) | 1.8 (1.1) | <0.001 |
SGRQ Total Score | 41 (18) | 47 (19) | <0.001 | 57 (16) | 50 (16) | <0.001 |
BODE Index | 2.5 (1.9) | 3.3 (2.0) | <0.001 | 4.2 (2.2) | 3.4 (2.2) | <0.001 |
White blood cells (10^9/L) | 7.4 (2.0) | 7.5 (2.2) | 0.926 | 8.2 (2.5) | 7.9 (2.1) | 0.082 |
Neutrophils, (10^9/L) | 4.8 (1.7) | 4.9 (2.1) | 0.601 | 5.6 (2.4) | 5.2 (1.9) | 0.084 |
Platelets (10^9/L) | 261 (70) | 263 (69) | 0.713 | 281 (77) | 268 (70) | 0.055 |
Fibrinogen (mg/dL) | 423 [376–490] | 438 [380–502] | 0.092 | 480 [416–543] | 444 [388–508] | <0.001 |
CRP (mg/dL) | 3.0 [1.4-6.5] | 3.4 [1.6-7.6] | 0.071 | 4.7 [2.1-10.4] | 3.1 [1.6-6.9] | 0.002 |
SP-D (ng/mL) | 121 [86–167] | 125 [89–162] | 0.625 | 116 [85–162] | 114 [88–157] | 0.651 |
PARC/CCL-18 (ng/mL) | 111 [86–141] | 110 [83–141] | 0.943 | 121 [94–162] | 113 [87–145] | 0.027 |
PPPY COPD Hosp. Year 1 | 0.04 | 0.12 | <0.001 | 0.65 | 0.38 | 0.004 |
PPPY OCS only exbs Y1 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.218 | 0.38 | 0.29 | 0.218 |
Diabetes | 11% | 6% | 0.024 | 8% | 9% | 0.689 |
Cardiovascular (excluding HTN) | 33% | 33% | 0.904 | 29% | 37% | 0.072 |
Reflux/heartburn | 23% | 23% | 0.890 | 32% | 33% | 0.888 |
Anxiety | 13% | 20% | 0.003 | 24% | 16% | 0.022 |
Depression symptoms | 20% | 29% | 0.004 | 36% | 28% | 0.058 |