Parameters | Never smokers | Smokers w/o COPD | GOLD I COPD | GOLD II-III COPD | GOLD IV COPD | Overall p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bronchiole | ||||||
Lymphatic vessel numbers per mm BM | 1.91 | 4.09 * | 2.94 | 3.76 * | 4.11 * | <0.001 |
(0.40-2.92) | (3.11-6.42) | (2.13-6.78) | (3.18-6.68) | (2.18-5.23) | ||
Lymphatic vessel numbers per bronchiole | 3.13 | 5.33 | 6.88 | 7.83 | 10.85 * | <0.01 |
(0.50-8.47) | (3.00-10.78) | (2.00-14.50) | (4.00-13.00) | (6.42-21.33) | ||
Accumulated lymphatic vessel endothelial length (mm) per mm BM | 0.19 | 0.44 | 0.54 | 0.50 | 0.75 * | <0.01 |
(0.04-0.68) | (0.38-0.56) | (0.33-0.93) | (0.30-0.87) | (0.42-1.01) | ||
Accumulated lymphatic vessel endothelial length (mm) per bronchiole | 0.58 | 0.67 | 1.05 | 0.80 | 1.94* # | <0.001 |
(0.04-1.09) | (0.31-0.94) | (0.42-1.96) | (0.41-1.91) | (0.78-3.94) | ||
Bronchiole-associated artery | ||||||
Lymphatic vessel numbers per artery | 3.78 | 4.17 | 3.50 | 5.50 | 8.07 * § | <0.01 |
(0.50-8.50) | (4.00-7.67) | (2.80-9.00) | (1.67-10.00) | (4.10-10.11) | ||
Accumulated lymphatic vessel endothelial length (mm) per artery | 0.97 | 1.53 | 1.38 | 1.59 | 2.39 * | <0.05 |
(0.11-3.32) | (0.60-1.91) | (0.95-2.90) | (0.60-2.60) | (1.39-4.66) | ||
Alveolar parenchyma | ||||||
Lymphatic vessel numbers per mm2 fibrotic parenchymal lesions | NA | NA | NA | NA | 117.8 ‡ | - |
(101.1-134.4) |