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Figure 5 | Respiratory Research

Figure 5

From: Airway epithelial cells initiate the allergen response through transglutaminase 2 by inducing IL-33 expression and a subsequent Th2 response

Figure 5

Cysteamine treatment reduces T helper cell differentiation. BAL cells were harvested 48 h after the last OVA challenge and restimulated with phorbol myristic acid (PMA) and ionomycin for 4 h. Intracellular cytokine levels were analyzed by flow cytometry. (A) The proportions of interleukin (IL)-4-, IL-13-, IL-17-, and interferon (IFN)-γ-producing cells are shown. (B) Number of cytokine-producing cells. (C) Number of cytokine-producing CD4+ T cells. (D) Immunofluorescence staining of IL-33 (green) and pro-surfactant protein C (SPC) (red) in the lungs from PBS or CyM-treated WT mice. Sections were prepared 24 h after the last ovalbumin (OVA) challenge (original magnification, ×1000). (A-C) Data are means ± standard deviations of three independent determinations with BAL cells from n = 5 mice/group.

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