Table 2 Clinical characteristics, hippocampal volume and serum S100B concentration in the control and COPD groups

FEV₁, % predicted

106.10 ± 15.14

61.14 ± 6.35^*

34.15 ± 8.89^*,+

<0.01

FVC, % predicted

94.85 ± 14.40

76.80 ± 10.42^*

54.13 ± 14.93^*,+

<0.01

FEV₁/ FVC

90.07 ± 7.97

61.89 ± 6.27^*

49.85 ± 10.47^*,+

<0.01

PaO₂, mmHg

91.82 ± 6.95

71.89 ± 6.94^*

66.36 ± 11.83^*

<0.01

PaCO₂, mmHg

37.00 ± 2.72

40.27 ± 6.53

48.27 ± 10.61^*,+

<0.01

SaO₂, %

97.50 (97.00-97.90)^a

92.15 ± 2.86^*

90.45 (84.80, 93.73)^a,*

<0.01^b

Rt hippocampus, cm³

3.43 ± 0.59

2.56 ± 0.31^*

2.37 ± 0.38^*

<0.01

Lt hippocampus, cm³

3.41 ± 0.47

2.45 ± 0.29^*

2.33 ± 0.29^*

<0.01

Tl hippocampus, cm³

6.84 ± 1.01

5.01 ± 0.49^*

4.69 ± 0.57^*

<0.01

ICV, cm3

1323.84 ± 112.37

1296.85 ± 111.35

1280.47 ± 130.17

>0.05

MMSE score

28.00(27.00-29.00)^a

24.57 ± 2.24^*

22.15 ± 2.88^*,+

<0.01^b

S100B, pg/ml

60.88 ± 8.43

77.02 ± 9.72^*

105.70 ± 13.30^*,+

<0.01