From: Pulmonary biomarkers in COPD exacerbations: a systematic review
Biomarker | Ref. | ECOPD onset | Course: | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
 |  | Comparisons | After ECOPD |  |
 |  |  | onset |  |
AAT | [30] | ECOPD > COPD, controls |  |  |
ATP | [17] | ↔: ECOPD, smokers, non-smokers | ↔ | Time points: admission, discharge |
cysLTs | [29] |  | ↓ | ICS with or without systemic GCS. Time points: onset, Visit 1 (D2-4), Visit 2 (2-4D post antibiotics), Visit 3 (21-28D post antibiotics). ↓ by visit 2. |
H 2 O 2 | [27] | ECOPD > controls (smokers and non-smokers) | ↓ | GCS. ↓ by D7 |
 | [28] |  | ↓ | GCS. ↓ by D3-4 |
 | [29] |  | ↓ | ICS with or without GCS. Time points: onset, Visit 1 (D2-4), Visit 2 (2-4D post antibiotics), Visit 3 (21-28D post antibiotics). ↓ by visit 2. |
IL-1β | [24] | ECOPD > controls, smokers, stable COPD |  |  |
IL-6 | [31] | ECOPD > controls | ↓ | No GCS. ↓ by 2 W. Reduced after 6 M of mucolytic therapy |
 | [24] | ECOPD > controls, stable COPD, ECOPD In GW > smokers |  | ICU or GW patients |
IL-8 | [24] | ECOPD > controls, smokers, stable COPD |  | ECOPD patients hospitalized either in the ICU or in GW |
 | [32] |  |  | Undetectable in most subjects |
 | [25] | ECOPD > nonsmokers, asymptomatic smokers, symptomatic smokers |  | Detected in 14% of healthy smokers, 20% of non-symptomatic smokers, 43% of symptomatic smokers |
 | [33] | ECOPD > asthma exacerbations, ↔: ECOPD, controls |  | GCS. |
IL-10 | [24] | ECOPD > controls, smokers, stable COPD |  | ICU or GW patients |
IL-12p70 | [24] | ECOPD > controls, smokers, stable COPD |  | ICU or GW patients |
IL-17 | [33] | ↔: ECOPD, asthma exacerbations, controls |  | GCS. |
IFN-γ | [23] | ECOPD < controls (p value N/R) |  | Improved detection when an albumin-coated collector was used |
8-isoprostane | [31] | ECOPD > controls | ↓ | No GCS. ↓ by 2 W. Reduced after 6 M of mucolytic therapy |
[34] | ECOPD > controls | ↓ | No GCS. ↓ by 2 W. Reduced further within 2 M | |
[25] | ECOPD > nonsmokers, asymptomatic smokers, Symptomatic smokers |  |  | |
 | [29] |  | ↓ | ICS with or without systemic GCS. Time points: onset, Visit 1 (D2-4), Visit 2 (2-4D post antibiotics), Visit 3 (21-28D post antibiotics). ↓ by visit 2. |
LTB4 | [34] | ECOPD > controls | ↓ | No GCS. ↓ by 2 W. Reduced further within 2 M |
 | [32] | ↔: ECOPD, controls, stable COPD | ↔ | GCS. Time points: D5,14,30,60 |
 | [29] |  | ↓ | ICS with or without systemic GCS. Time points: onset, Visit 1 (D2-4), Visit 2 (2-4D post antibiotics), Visit 3 (21-28D post antibiotics). ↓ by visit 3. |
MPO | [23] | ECOPD > controls |  | For samples collected with an albumin-coated apparatus |
Ph | [13] | ↔: ECOPD, controls | ↔ | Time points: admission, discharge. CO2 standardization method |
PGE2 | [29] |  | ↔ | ICS with or without systemic GCS. Time points: onset, Visit 1 (D2-4), Visit 2 (2-4D post antibiotics), Visit 3 (21-28D post antibiotics). |
Protein | [24] | ↔: ECOPD, controls, smokers, stable COPD |  |  |
 | [35] |  |  |  |
SLPI | [23] | ECOPD > controls |  | For samples collected with an albumin-coated apparatus |
TNF-α | [24] | ECOPD > controls, smokers, stable COPD |  | ICU or GW patients |
 | [32] | ↔: ECOPD on D5, controls, stable COPD | ↑ | GCS. Time points: D5, 14, 30, 60. Lowest levels on D5, D14 > D5 and D14 = D30 = D60 |
 | [33] | ↔: ECOPD, controls |  | GCS. |