Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study sample and comparison with patients lost to follow-up
From: TNF-α is associated with loss of lean body mass only in already cachectic COPD patients
Women (n = 159) | Men (n = 249) | Lost to follow-up (n = 69) | p** | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, mean years (SD) | 62.3 (6.7) | 64.2 (7.0) | 66.8 (5.9) | <0.01 |
FFMI, mean kg/m2 (SD) | 14.8 (2.4) | 18.4 (3.0) | - | |
FMI, mean kg/m2 (SD) | 10.1 (4.3) | 7.3 (2.5) | - | |
% cachectic* | 31.0 | 27.5 | 37.3 | 0.10 |
Smoking habits, n(%) | 0.32 | |||
ex | 88 (55.3) | 144 (57.8) | 43 (62.3) | |
current | 71 (44.7) | 105 (42.2) | 26 (37.7) | |
GOLD stage | <0.01 | |||
II | 82 (51.6) | 111 (44.6) | 22 (31.9) | |
III | 66 (41.5) | 105 (42.2) | 31 (44.9) | |
IV | 11 (6.9) | 33 (13.2) | 16 (23.2) | |
Hypoxemia, n(%) | <0.01 | |||
PaO2 > 9 kPa | 84 (61.3) | 150 (64.4) | 26 (44.1) | |
PaO2 8–9 kPa | 33 (24.1) | 56 (24.0) | 17 (28.8) | |
PaO2 < 8 kPa | 20 (14.6) | 27 (11.6) | 16 (27.1) | |
Exacerbations last year, n(%) | 0.01 | |||
0-1 | 126 (79.3) | 214 (85.9) | 50 (72.5) | |
2+ | 33 (20.7) | 35 (14.1) | 19 (27.5) | |
Charlson Comorbidity Index | <0.01 | |||
1 | 101 (63.5) | 130 (52.2) | 30 (43.5) | |
2 | 40 (25.2) | 59 (23.7) | 15 (21.7) | |
3 | 13 (8.2) | 36 (14.5) | 12 (17.4) | |
4+ | 5 (3.1) | 24 (9.6) | 12 (17.4) | |
Use of inhaled steroids | 0.19 | |||
No | 40 (25.2) | 88 (35.3) | 17 (24.6) | |
Yes | 119 (74.8) | 161 (64.7) | 52 (75.4) | |
Use of long-acting beta2 agonists | 0.07 | |||
No | 33 (20.8) | 80 (32.1) | 13 (18.8) | |
Yes | 126 (79.2) | 169 (67.9) | 56 (81.2) | |
Use of theophyllin | 0.02 | |||
No | 144 (90.6) | 228 (91.6) | 58 (84.1) | |
Yes | 15 (9.4) | 21 (8.4) | 11 (15.9) | |
CRP, mean ug/mL (SD) | 2.4 (3.1) | 2.4 (2.7) | 2.5 (2.5) | 0.35 |
TNF-α mean pg/mL (SD) | 1.8 (3.4) | 1.8 (3.3) | 1.2 (2.5) | 0.12 |
IL-1ß, mean pg/mL (SD) | 0.8 (2.0) | 1.0 (2.2) | 1.0 (2.1) | 0.77 |
IL-6, mean pg/mL (SD) | 2.2 (6.8) | 2.2 (5.5) | 1.4 (2.7) | 0.32 |