Table 1 Clinical characteristics, lung function testing, and hemodynamics

Characteristics

Age (years)

58.1 ± 1.8

52.5 ± 2.3

70.4 ± 1.4

< 0.001

Female/male (n)

61/43

47/25

20/12

0.898

BMI (kg/m²)

25.9 ± 0.5

25.4 ± 0.6

27.4 ± 0.8

0.192

Lung function

FVC (L)

2.98 ± 0.08

3.07 ± 0.10

2.73 ± 0.16

0.285

FVC (%)

89.9 ± 1.6

90.4 ± 1.8

86.9 ± 2.6

0.641

TLC (L)

5.41 ± 0.11

5.37 ± 0.14

5.47 ± 0.19

0.209

TLC (%)

98.1 ± 1.5

98.0 ± 1.8

95.8 ± 2.7

0.880

FEV1 (L/s)

2.09 ± 0.07

2.21 ± 0.08

1.80 ± 0.11

0.005

FEV1/FVC (%)

70.2 ± 1.0

72.2 ± 1.0

65.4 ± 2.1

0.002

TLco (%)

61.0 ± 2.1

59.9 ± 2.7

63.8 ± 2.9

0.943

pO₂ at rest (mmHg)

61.2 ± 1.1

63.8 ± 1.4

54.6 ± 1.5

< 0.001

pCO₂ at rest (mmHg)

30.6 ± 0.5

29.8 ± 0.6

32.3 ± 0.7

0.015

Hemodynamics

mPAP (mmHg)

47.0 ± 1.4

46.0 ± 1.7

51.1 ± 2.2

0.255

Cardiac output (L/min)

3.96 ± 0.15

4.09 ± 0.14

3.94 ± 0.18

0.001

CI (L/min/m²)

2.27 ± 0.06

2.38 ± 0.07

2.02 ± 0.09

0.004

PVR (dyne •s/cm⁵)

791 ± 31

779 ± 37

843 ± 58

0.181

mRAP (mmHg)

7.2 ± 0.5

6.1 ± 0.5

10.0 ± 1.3

0.001

PCWP (mmHg)

8.8 ± 0.3

8.2 ± 0.4

10.6 ± 0.7

0.002

SVO₂ (%)

58.3 ± 0.9

58.9 ± 0.9

56.7 ± 1.9

0.527