Table 2 Adjusted* prevalence ratios (95% confidence interval) for cardiovascular risk factors among 7249 U.S. adults aged 20–79 years, by categories of respiratory impairment based on prebronchodilator data, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2010
Respiratory impairment | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Obstructive impairment | |||||
None | Restrictive | Mild | Moderate/severe/ very severe | P† | |
Current smoking | 1.00 | 1.23 (1.01, 1.51) | 1.68 (1.40, 2.00) | 2.26 (1.90, 2.70) | <0.001 |
Cotinine >10 ng/ml | 1.00 | 1.23 (1.04, 1.46) | 1.62 (1.37, 1.90) | 2.00 (1.69, 2.36) | <0.001 |
Hypertension | 1.00 | 0.99 (0.86, 1.15) | 1.00 (0.88, 1.15) | 1.03 (0.88, 1.21) | 0.974 |
Total cholesterol ≥5.17 mmol/L | 1.00 | 0.91 (0.78, 1.06) | 0.90 (0.80, 1.02) | 0.85 (0.73, 0.99) | 0.068 |
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol <40 mg in men, <1.29 mmol/L in women | 1.00 | 1.18 (1.04, 1.34) | 0.95 (0.78, 1.16) | 1.04 (0.85, 1.26) | 0.188 |
Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥130 mg/dl | 1.00 | 0.92 (0.83, 1.01) | 0.93 (0.84, 1.02) | 0.86 (0.78, 0.95) | 0.017 |
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥2.59 mmol/L‡ | 1.00 | 0.95 (0.84, 1.08) | 1.00 (0.89, 1.13) | 0.91 (0.80, 1.04) | 0.514 |
C-reactive protein >3 mg/l | 1.00 | 1.21 (1.05, 1.40) | 1.02 (0.89, 1.18) | 1.17 (1.03, 1.33) | 0.014 |
Diagnosed diabetes | 1.00 | 1.84 (1.40, 2.41) | 0.70 (0.50, 0.99) | 1.01 (0.68, 1.51) | <0.001 |
Diagnosed diabetes of fasting plasma glucose ≥7.0 mmol/L§ | 1.00 | 1.65 (1.19, 2.30) | 0.45 (0.30, 0.68) | 0.83 (0.54, 1.27) | <0.001 |
Body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 | 1.00 | 1.16 (1.03, 1.30) | 0.60 (0.50, 0.72) | 0.83 (0.68, 1.01) | <0.001 |
Abdominal obesity | 1.00 | 1.07 (0.99, 1.16) | 0.75 (0.69, 0.83) | 0.96 (0.86, 1.07) | <0.001 |
Leisure-time physical activity <150 min/week | 1.00 | 1.05 (0.97, 1.14) | 0.99 (0.89, 1.10) | 1.05 (0.97, 1.13) | 0.479 |