Table 1 Age-adjusted means and percentages (standard error) of sociodemographic and cardiovascular factors among 7249 U.S. adults aged 20–79 years, by categories of respiratory impairment based on prebronchodilator data, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2010
Respiratory impairment | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Obstructive impairment | |||||||
None (N=5792) | Restrictive (N=478) | Mild (N=551) | Moderate/severe/very severe (N=428) | P restrictive‡ | P mild OI‡ | P moderate/ severe OI‡ | |
Age (years) | 42.5 (0.3) | 50.1 (0.9) | 54.9 (0.7) | 55.2 (0.7) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Men (%) | 46.5 (0.7) | 56.4 (3.1) | 66.0 (3.0) | 58.4 (3.6) | 0.002 | <0.001 | 0.004 |
Race or ethnicity (%) | |||||||
White | 70.4 (2.3) | 54.7 (5.1) | 84.1 (2.8) | 78.0 (4.4) | 0.001 | <0.001 | 0.042 |
African American | 9.9 (1.0) | 9.3 (1.4) | 7.9 (1.9) | 7.7 (1.6) | |||
Mexican American | 9.3 (1.4) | 8.8 (1.9) | 3.4 (1.1) | 1.2 (0.4) | |||
Other | 10.4 (1.1) | 27.2 (4.0) | 4.5 (1.3) | 13.1 (3.6) | |||
Education (%) | |||||||
<High school | 16.4 (0.9) | 19.7 (2.0) | 17.2 (2.5) | 22.5 (3.4) | |||
High school graduate or equivalent | 22.2 (0.9) | 25.0 (3.8) | 28.4 (3.5) | 34.4 (3.8) | |||
>High school (%) | 61.4 (1.4) | 55.3 (4.1) | 54.4 (4.0) | 43.1 (4.9) | 0.112 | 0.063 | <0.001 |
Smoking status (%) | |||||||
Current | 18.8 (0.7) | 24.2 (3.2) | 35.7 (2.4) | 48.6 (3.8) | 0.081 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Former | 23.0 (0.9) | 23.2 (2.8) | 26.6 (3.0) | 26.4 (3.7) | |||
Never | 58.2 (1.2) | 52.6 (4.3) | 37.8 (3.6) | 25.0 (3.4) | |||
Cotinine >10 ng/ml (%) | 22.9 (0.8) | 29.3 (3.5) | 44.5 (3.5) | 53.1 (4.3) | 0.048 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Hypertension (%) | 25.1 (0.8) | 34.1 (2.9) | 25.8 (2.4) | 30.8 (3.5) | 0.003 | 0.761 | 0.101 |
Total cholesterol ≥5.17 mmol/L (%) | 45.2 (0.9) | 41.4 (2.6) | 43.4 (3.6) | 36.8 (3.4) | 0.212 | 0.619 | 0.027 |
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol <1.03 mmol/L in men, <1.29 mmol/L in women (%) | 32.1 (1.1) | 50.2 (2.9) | 26.7 (3.2) | 36.4 (5.1) | <0.001 | 0.085 | 0.397 |
Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥130 mg/dl (%) | 62.0 (0.8) | 61.8 (2.9) | 62.2 (3.6) | 53.9 (3.9) | 0.946 | 0.951 | 0.048 |
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥2.59 mmol/L* (%) | 67.7 (0.9) | 69.0 (4.0) | 72.4 (4.9) | 61.1 (6.0) | 0.747 | 0.350 | 0.290 |
C-reactive protein >3 mg/l (%) | 30.1 (0.7) | 48.8 (3.1) | 22.9 (2.5) | 34.1 (4.6) | <0.001 | 0.010 | 0.371 |
FPG ≥7.0 mmol/L or diagnosed diabetes† (%) | 9.1 (0.7) | 25.8 (3.7) | 3.2 (0.7) | 10.0 (1.8) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.678 |
Diagnosed diabetes (%) | 6.1 (0.5) | 18.6 (2.3) | 3.9 (0.6) | 7.3 (1.3) | <0.001 | 0.002 | 0.414 |
Body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 (%) | 35.4 (1.0) | 51.4 (2.9) | 21.6 (2.7) | 30.0 (4.0) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.206 |
Abdominal obesity (%) | 53.7 (1.1) | 65.1 (2.9) | 35.8 (2.9) | 50.2 (4.0) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.434 |
Leisure-time physical activity <150 min/week (%) | 59.9 (1.5) | 69.9 (2.8) | 55.3 (3.0) | 65.3 (4.3) | 0.004 | 0.210 | 0.225 |
Congestive heart failure (%) | 0.8 (0.1) | 3.2 (0.8) | 0.9 (0.2) | —§ | 0.003 | 0.550 | 0.069 |
10-Year cardiovascular risk† | |||||||
<10% | 77.3 (0.9) | 68.9 (3.9) | 73.2 (2.3) | 68.9 (2.7) | |||
10-20% | 14.6 (1.0) | 16.4 (2.8) | 15.4 (2.2) | 14.4 (2.6) | |||
>20% | 8.1 (0.5) | 14.7 (2.3) | 11.4 (1.2) | 16.7 (2.0) | 0.004 | 0.012 | <0.001 |