Antioxidant components of naturally-occurring oils exhibit marked anti-inflammatory activity in epithelial cells of the human upper respiratory system

Table 2 Activation of Nrf2 by Components of the Natural Oil Preparation

Component*	Relative Luciferase Activity**
	Mean	SEM
Medium Control	7.0	0.6
Soy Oil Vehicle	7.5	0.5
Sulforaphane (100 um)	41.8†	1.3
Mixed Oil Preparation	40.8†	5.2
Coconut Oil (20%)	6.6	0.8
Orange Oil (5%)	52.5†	9.2
Aloe Oil (5%)	5.7	0.7
Peppermint Oil (0.75%)	5.7	0.9
Vitamin E (0.25%)	5.0	0.7

Mean values from 4 separate experiments in which duplicate cultures were treated.
*Individual oil percentages represent v/v in soy oil: treatment duration = 15 min, except sulforaphane = 12 hr.
**Activation of Nrf2 expressed as relative luciferase luminescence per mg cellular protein.
†Significantly increased above Medium Control value, P < 0.001, Mann-Whitney Rank Sum Test.

ISSN: 1465-993X