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Figure 11 | Respiratory Research

Figure 11

From: GDF-15 is abundantly expressed in plexiform lesions in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and affects proliferation and apoptosis of pulmonary endothelial cells

Figure 11

Effect of GDF-15 on endothelial cell proliferation and sprouting. Proliferation of human pulmonary microvascular endothelial (HPMEC) cell was assessed using a rapid colorimetric proliferation assay. At a concentration of 5 ng/ml recombinant GDF-15 led to increased HPMEC proliferation (panel A), whereas a reduction of HPMEC proliferation (panel B) was seen at higher concentration of GDF-15 (50 ng/ml). Data from n = 5 each group are shown as mean ± SD. * = p < 0.05 vs. control. Sprouting of human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMEC) was assessed using a three-dimensional spheroid sprouting assay. Compared to control (panel C), recombinant GDF-15 protein at a concentration of 5 ng/ml increased endothelial cell sprouting (panel D), whereas at higher concentrations (50 ng/ml) sprouting was decreased (panel E). Five spheroids per group and per experiment were analyzed.

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Respiratory Research

ISSN: 1465-993X

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