Table 3 Association of flow-mediated dilation (assessed as post-occlusion brachial artery diameter corrected for baseline diameter) and nitroglycerin-mediated dilation with exercise capacity parameters in non-smokers and ex-smokers.
From: Peripheral endothelial dysfunction is associated with gas exchange inefficiency in smokers
Overall population | Healthy population | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Peak VO2 | VO2@AT | O2 pulse | VE vs. VCO2 slope | VE/VCO2@AT | Peak VO2 | VO2@AT | O2 pulse | VE vs. VCO2 slope | VE/VCO2@AT | |
β coefficient (95% CI) | β coefficient (95% CI) | β coefficient (95% CI) | β coefficient (95% CI) | β coefficient (95% CI) | β coefficient (95% CI) | β coefficient (95% CI) | β coefficient (95% CI) | β coefficient (95% CI) | β coefficient (95% CI) | |
FMD | ||||||||||
Adjusted for baseline BAD | 1027.0 (777.0; 1276.9) | 357.0 (223.6; 490.4) | 3.7 (2.4; 5.0) | -3.3 (-5.3; -1.4) | -3.1 (-4.8; -1.4) | 987.9 (694.1; 1281.7) | 353.0 (189.4; 516.6) | 3.5 (2.0; 5.0) | -3.5 (-5.8; -1.2) | -2.8 (-4.9; -0.8) |
Fully adjusted† | -33.8 (-214.9; 147.4) | -18.7 (-141.6; 104.3) | -0.4 (-1.5; 0.7) | -0.3 (-2.2; 1.6) | -0.5 (-2.2; 1.2) | 78.9 (-140.2; 297.9) | 57.8 (-96.9; 212.5) | -0.1 (-1.3; 1.1) | -1.1 (-3.5; 1.2) | -0.8 (-2.8; 1.2) |
NMD | ||||||||||
Adjusted for baseline BAD | 914.3 (745.4; 1083.2) | 285.6 (194.3; 377.0) | 3.2 (2.3; 4.2) | -2.0 (-3.3; -0.7) | -1.6 (-2.7; -0.4) | 801.6 (588.6; 1014.6) | 181.3 (61.4; 301.3) | 3.4 (2.3; 4.5) | -1.8 (-3.4; -0.1) | -1.0 (-2.5; 0.5) |
Fully adjusted† | 135.7 (10.6; 260.8) | 2.5 (-82.7; 87.7) | 0.1 (-0.6; 0.9) | 0.5 (-0.8; 1.8) | 0.5 (-0.6; 1.7) | 88.9 (-69.5; 247.5) | -79.8 (-192.1; 32.5) | 0.3 (-0.6; 1.2) | 0.2 (-1.5; 1.9) | 0.8 (-0.7; 2.3) |