Table 1 Descriptive statistics of the overall population (N = 1416).
From: Peripheral endothelial dysfunction is associated with gas exchange inefficiency in smokers
Study population | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
All (N = 1416) | Men (N = 701) | Women (N = 715) | p | |
Age†, years | 52 (13.4) | 53 (13.9) | 51 (12.8) | < 0.01 |
Smoking, % | < 0.01 | |||
Non-smokers | 43.0 | 29.3 | 56.4 | |
Ex-smokers | 32.9 | 45.7 | 20.3 | |
Current smokers | 24.2 | 25.0 | 23.4 | |
Physical activity | 27.9 | 29.0 | 26.9 | 0.37 |
Height, cm | 169.9 (9.0) | 176.1 (6.6) | 163.8 (6.6) | < 0.01 |
Weight, kg | 80.4 (15.7) | 87.5 (14.1) | 73.4 (14.0) | < 0.01 |
O2 pulse | 13.3 (3.5) | 15.7 (3.1) | 11.0 (2.0) | < 0.01 |
Heart rate at peak exercise | 150.1 (23.2) | 150.5 (23.9) | 149.7 (22.5) | 0.32 |
Peak VO2, ml/min | 1983.8 (602.6) | 2353.4 (592.9) | 1621.5 (330.8) | < 0.01 |
VO2@AT, ml/min | 1110.4 (307.6) | 1261.2 (324.8) | 962.6 (199.8) | < 0.01 |
VE vs. VCO2 slope | 25.3 (4.2) | 25.3 (4.4) | 25.3 (3.9) | 0.71 |
VE/VCO2@AT | 27.5 (3.8) | 27.8 (4.2) | 27.2 (3.4) | 0.07 |
Baseline BAD, mm | 3.9 (0.7) | 4.4 (0.5) | 3.4 (0.4) | < 0.01 |
Post-occlusion BAD, mm | 4.1 (0.7) | 4.6 (0.5) | 3.6 (0.4) | < 0.01 |
FMD, % | 5.1 (3.9) | 4.3 (3.2) | 5.8 (4.3) | < 0.01 |
LDL cholesterol, mmol/l | 3.5 (1.0) | 3.5 (1.0) | 3.5 (1.1) | 0.27 |
Glucose, mmol/l | 5.3 (1.2) | 5.5 (1.3) | 5.2 (1.1) | < 0.01 |
Concomitant medications: | ||||
Antihypotensives | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 0.30 |
Peripheral vasodilators | 0.9 | 1.3 | 0.4 | 0.08 |
Beta-blockers | 20.8 | 20.8 | 20.8 | 1.00 |
Calcium channel blockers | 7.3 | 8.4 | 6.2 | 0.10 |
Renin-angiotensin system interfering drugs | 20.2 | 23.7 | 16.8 | < 0.01 |
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | 8.7 | 5.7 | 11.6 | < 0.01 |
Statins | 11.0 | 13.0 | 9.0 | 0.02 |