From: Greater severity of new onset asthma in allergic subjects who smoke: a 10-year longitudinal study
Characteristics of the study population at baseline | |||
---|---|---|---|
Variables | Never Smokers N = 61 | Former Smokers N = 17 | Current Smokers N = 74 |
Age, mean yr (±SD) | 28.5 (6.4) | 28.6 (7.2) | 30.7 (5.4) |
Sex | |||
Female | 52.5% | 47.1% | 60.8% |
Male | 47.5% | 52.9% | 39.2% |
Exposure to passive smoking | 65.6% | 70.6% | 62.2% |
Family Hx of atopy | 75.4% | 70.6% | 67.6% |
Duration of rhinitis, mean yr (±SD) | 8.4 (5.1) | 10.2 (7.9) | 9.0 (5.8) |
FEV1 (%predicted), mean (±SD) | 96.8 (11.1) | 102.5 (18.4) | 99.0 (10.2) |
Sensitizations | |||
+ve skin test to Parietaria | 63.2% | 59.0% | 65.9% |
+ve skin test to HDM | 34.5% | 37.1% | 33.0% |
+ve skin test to Olea | 27.5% | 24.9% | 25.5% |
+ve skin test to Grass pollen | 22.0% | 25.8% | 24.7% |
+ve skin test to Cat | 8.5% | 7.7% | 9.0% |
Drugs for rhinitis symptoms | |||
Oral antihistamines | 58.3% | 54.8% | 54.0% |
Topical decongestants | 37.0% | 35.9% | 33.3% |
Nasal steroids (<6 wks/yr) | 20.5% | 17.0% | 19.2% |
Characteristics of the study population during follow-up | |||
Drugs for asthma symptoms | |||
SABA | 85.2% | 81.9% | 87.5% |
ICS | 27.6% | 30.1% | 35.8% |
Others | 15.3% | 17.2% | 18.8% |
Asthma symptoms/day | |||
Weekly basis or less | 76.2% | 71.7% | 47.8% |
Daily/continous | 23.8% | 28.3% | 52.2% |
Asthma symptoms/night | |||
Monthly basis or less | 85.1% | 81.5% | 62.2% |
Weekly/frequent | 14.9% | 18.5% | 37.8% |
SABA to treat symptoms | |||
≤ 2 days/wk | 69.4% | 58.0% | 26.1% |
> 2 days/wk | 21.4% | 31.1% | 51.4% |
Daily use | 9.2% | 10.9% | 22.5% |
Exacerbations (in the past yr) | |||
0-1/yr) | 76.3% | 70.8% | 56.5% |
≥ 2/yr | 23.7% | 29.2% | 43.5% |
Asthma Severity (N = 152) | |||
GINA Step I | 50.0% | 12.5% | 37.5% |
GINA Step II | 38.9% | 11.1% | 50.0% |
GINA Step III | 31.7% | 9.8% | 58.5% |
GINA Step IV | 18.2% | 9.1% | 72.7% |
Asthma Control (N = 140) | |||
Controlled | 58.6% | 14.3% | 27.1% |
Partly controlled | 23.1% | 7.7% | 69.2% |
Uncontrolled | 16.7% | 11.1% | 72.2% |