Table 1 Essential index summaries: general information, predictive ability, population and study quality.
From: Multidimensional prognostic indices for use in COPD patient care. A systematic review
INDEX | GENERAL INDEX INFORMATION | INDEX QUALITY | POPULATION | STUDY QUALITY | KEY STRENGTHS/FLAWS | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Scale and publication year | Index aim | Cited (SCI) | Predictors | Outcome | Predictor ind. Sig. | Discrimi nation | Accu racy | Compare to | N | Age (year) | Mean FEV1% | Score | Model building | Val. cohort | Â |
ADO 10-points scale 2009 | C | 14 | Age Dyspnoea (MRC or GCRQ) Obstruction (FEV1%) | Death | Yes | Modest | Good | BODE | 232 342 | 72 68 | 52% all < 80% | Fairly good | A* | + | Accurate Age is paradoxical Elderly patients only |
BODE 10-point scale 4 categories 2004 | C | 580 | BMI (length/weight2) Obstruction (FEV1%) Dyspnoea (MRC score) Exercise tolerance (6MWD) | Death Respiratory death | Yes | Death: Good Respiratory: no report | - | FEV1% | 207 625 | 66 67 | 39-47% | Good | A* | + | Good quality Good discrimination Severe COPD only Exclusion of CVD |
➣ BODEx 9-point scale 4 categories 2009 | D | 7 | BMI (length/weight 2 ) Obstruction (FEV1%) Dyspnoea (MRC score) Exacerbations | Death | All but 1 | Good | - | BODE | 185 | 71 | 48% | Fair | P | - | Good discrimination Elderly males only |
➣ e-BODE 12-point scale 4 categories 2009 | D | 7 | Exacerbations BMI (length/weight 2 ) Obstruction (FEV1%) Dyspnoea (MRC score) Exercise tolerance (6MWD) | Death | All but 1 | Good | - | BODE | 185 | 71 | 48% | Fair | A | - | Good discrimination Elderly males only |
➣ mBODE 10-point scale 2007 | D | 3 | BMI (length/weight 2 ) Obstruction (FEV1%) Dyspnoea (MRC score) Exercise max. O 2 -use | Correlation BODE | - | - | - | BODE | 50 | 63 | 63% | Fair | A | - | Small sample Restricted outcome and analysis |
COPDSS: COPD Severity Score 35-point scale 2008 | E | 7 | Respiratory symptoms Systemic corticosteroids Other COPD medications Hospitalization/Intubation Home oxygen use | Respiratory outpatient Respiratory ED visit Respiratory hospital | - (index yes) | - | - | - | 267 | 65 | 54% | Fair | P | ±$ | Nomogram Diagnosis based on self-report No outcome confirmation |
CPI: COPD Prognostic Index 100-point scale 3 categories 2008 | C | 2 | Quality of life (SGRQ/CRQ) Obstruction (FEV1%) Age Gender BMI History of ED/exacerbation History of CVD | Death Hospitalization Exacerbation | Depends on outcome | Model: Good Val.cohort: no report | - | - | 5856 2946 | 64 64 | 44% | Fairly poor | P* | + | Adequate statistics Large sample Selective reporting Pooled analysis |
DOREMI BOX 10-point scale 2 categories 2008 | D | ? | Dyspnoea (ATS) Obstruction (FEV1%) Rate of Exacerbation Movement (6MWD) BMI (length/weight2) Blood OXygen (PaO2) | Correlation BODE Death | Yes (2 no report) | - | - | BODE | 84 | 59 | 35% (18-73%) | Fairly good | A | - | Clear descriptions Long follow-up Small sample Limited statistics Severe population |
DOSE, 8-point scale 2009 | C | 3 | Dyspnoea (MRC score) Obstruction (FEV1%) Smoking Exacerbations | Correlation BODE Exacerbation Hospitalization for exacerbation | - (index partly) | Hospital Good Exacerbation no report | - | BODE | 375 81 133 | 69 73 67 | 42-67% all < 80% | Fairly poor | P* | +# | Difficult, complex and selective reporting Violated own protocol |
HADO 12-point scale 3 categories 2006 | C | 5 | Health (new questionnaire) Activity (new questionnaire) Dyspnoea (Fletcher) Obstruction (FEV1%) | Death | No | Modest | - | FEV1% | 611 | 67 | 50% all < 80% | Fairly good | P | - | Clear descriptions Compared to FEV 1 % Modest discrimination Predictors debatable |
Niewoehner (1) 422-point scale 2007 | C | 27 | Age Obstruction (FEV1%) Hospitalization COPD duration Productive cough Antibiotics Systemic corticosteroids Theophylline | Exacerbation | Yes | Modest | Seems good@ | - | 1829 | 69 | 36% all < 60% | Fair | A* | - | Large sample No validation cohort Severe COPD/males only No outcome confirmation |
Niewoehner (2) 249-point scale 2007 | C | 27 | Age Obstruction (FEV1%) Hospitalization Unscheduled visits Cardiovascular disease Oral corticosteroids | Hospitalization for exacerbation | Yes | Good | Seems good@ | - | 1829 | 69 | 36% all < 60% | Fair | A* | - | Good discrimination Large sample No validation cohort Severe COPD/males only No outcome confirmation Predictor is outcome |
PILE 2010 10-point scale 4 categories | C | 0 | Obstruction (FEV1%) Interleukin-6 Knee extensor strength | Death | Yes | Good | - | FEV1% mBODE | 268 | 73 | 63% all > 30% | Fair | A* | - | Long follow-up Good statistics No validation cohort |
SAFE 2007 9-point scale 4 categories | C | 5 | SGRQ score (questionnaire) Air-flow limitation (FEV1%) Exercise tolerance (6MWD) | Exacerbation (correlation) | - | - | - | - | 86 | 68 | 43% (12-98%) | Fair | P | - | Small sample Poor statistics |
Schembri (TARDIS) 16-point scale 2009 | C | 0 | Age BMI Dyspnoea (MRC score) Obstruction (FEV1%) Hospitalization Influenza vaccination | Hospitalization for COPD or respiratory death as 1 outcome | Yes | - | - | - | 3343 | ? | ? all < 80% | Fair to fairly poor | A* | - | Large sample No validation cohort Composite outcome Limited statistics |