Figure 8

Inhibitors of the TLR4 and TLR9 pathways reduce cytokine secretion from CD8⁺ T cells. CD8⁺ T cells were incubated for 1 hour with or without a TLR4 neutralizing antibody (10 μg/ml) or chloroquine (20 μg/ml). Cells were then treated with either DMSO or CSC (50 μg/ml) for 24 hours. The supernatants were analyzed for cytokine expression using Human ProInflammatory 7-Plex Tissue Culture Plate. (A) Chloroquine significantly reduced CSC-induced TNFα expression. (B) IL-8 expression was not significantly increased by CSC, however chloroquine was able to reduce IL-8 levels back to baseline values. (C) Blocking the TLR4 and TLR9 pathways significantly attenuated the CSC-induced production of IL-10. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. * indicates p-values < 0.05; ** indicates p-values < 0.01 and *** indicates p-values < 0.0001.