Table 2 Baseline values for biomarkers with a significant difference between COPD subjects and either smoking or non-smoking controls.

Adiponectin (ng/mL)*

198

15614.5 (10340.0)

37

10856.0 (6145.0)

< 0.001

36

16124.5 (6428.5)

0.270

β-Defensin-2 (pg/mL)*

199

1222.3 (1794.8)

37

771.6 (784.2)

0.003

37

648.2 (964.1)

0.042

CCL2 (pg/mL)

201

615.0 (395.0)

37

530.0 (365.0)

0.065

37

460.0 (445.0)

0.017

CCL18 (pg/mL)

193

96000.0 (93000.0)

37

67000.0 (40000.0)

0.018

35

68000.0 (34000.0)

0.041

C-reactive protein (μg/mL)

200

5.38 (10.62)

37

3.13 (5.27)

0.036

35

2.17 (3.96)

0.002

CXCL10 (pg/mL)

198

79.7 (38.0)

37

67.8 (26.6)

0.085

35

65.8 (30.4)

0.017

Fibrinogen (mg/dL)

200

466.0 (117.5)

37

425.0 (100.0)

0.002

37

387.0 (83.0)

< 0.001

Hepatocyte growth factor (pg/mL)

199

589.2 (492.7)

37

475.3 (303.6)

0.324

37

421.7 (217.7)

0.012

Interleukin-6 (pg/mL)

194

0.2 (2.8)

37

0.2 (0.0)

0.004

37

0.2 (0.4)

0.072

Interleukin-8 (pg/mL)

190

8.8 (5.2)

36

7.7 (4.8)

0.051

34

6.7 (3.0)

0.009

Interleukin-12 p40 (pg/mL)

177

1.6 (2.8)

32

2.3 (3.5)

0.343

32

0.6 (2.3)

0.017

Matrix metalloproteinase-8 (pg/mL)*

198

9005.8 (10853.0)

37

7393.7 (7231.2)

0.003

37

6607.9 (5241.8)

< 0.001

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (pg/mL)

201

238020.0 (202960.0)

37

182700.0 (92460.0)

0.198

37

158180.0 (85815.0)

< 0.001

Myeloperoxidase (pg/mL)

198

34680.0 (34305.0)

36

24770.0 (19280.0)

0.195

37

20800.0 (17100.0)

0.043

Prolactin (pg/mL)

196

525.0 (462.5)

37

345.0 (260.0)

< 0.001

36

580.0 (325.0)

0.771