From: Pre- and post-bronchodilator lung function as predictors of mortality in the Lung Health Study
 | Hazards Ratio | 95% Confidence Interval |
---|---|---|
Sex | Â | Â |
   Male | 1.34 | (1.12, 1.59) |
   Female | 1.00 |  |
Age | 1.09 | (1.07, 1.10) |
Body Mass Index | 1.00 | (0.98, 1.03) |
Education | Â | Â |
   < 12 Years | 1.29 | (1.03, 1.61) |
   12 Years | 1.08 | (0.90, 1.29) |
   > 12 Years | 1.00 |  |
Race | Â | Â |
   White | 1.00 |  |
   Black | 2.13 | (1.57, 2.88) |
Smoking Status | Â | Â |
   Former Smoker | 0.64 | (0.52, 0.79) |
   Intermittent Smoker | 0.89 | (0.69, 1.15) |
   Current Smoker | 1.00 |  |
Randomization Group | Â | Â |
   Intervention, Ipratroprium | 0.92 | (0.76, 1.12) |
   Intervention, Placebo | 0.89 | (0.74, 1.09) |
   Control | 1.00 |  |
Stage (Pre-bronchodilator)* | Â | Â |
   Stage 3 or 4 | 1.51 | (0.75, 3.03) |
   Stage 2 | 1.36 | (0.95, 1.95) |
   Stage 1 | 0.97 | (0.65, 1.44) |
   Restricted | 1.12 | (0.51, 2.48) |
   Normal | 1.00 |  |
Stage (Post-bronchodilator)* | Â | Â |
   Stage 3 or 4 | 1.45 | (0.41, 5.15) |
   Stage 2 | 1.54 | (1.20, 1.98) |
   Stage 1 | 1.06 | (0.80, 1.40) |
   Restricted | 1.63 | (0.96, 2.75) |
   Normal | 1.00 |  |