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Table 2 Main published studies on COPD-HIV interaction in the HAART era

From: Interactions between HIV infection and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Clinical and epidemiological aspects

Year of publication

First Author reference

Study period

Type of study

Focus

Number of patients

Main findings

2005

Crothers K [32]

1999-2000

Observational study prospective

cohort

Respiratory symptoms

867

Smoking associated with increase in respiratory symptoms; cough and dyspnea found in 44% of smokers and 25% of non smokers

2006

Crothers K [31]

2001-2002

Observational study

Prospective

Case-control

Cohort

COPD

(self-assessment and coding data)

1014

(713 controls)

Self-assessment: prevalence of COPD significantly higher in HIV-infected patients (15% vs 12%, p = 0.04); HIV infection = independent risk factor for COPD

2009

George MP [33]

2003-2004

Observational study

Prospective

Respiratory symptoms.

airway obstruction

234

Prevalence of airway obstruction: 6.8%. Age, pack-years, history of bacterial pneumonia and HAART = independent risk factors for airway obstruction

2009

Morris A [43]

NR

Observational study

Prospective

Pneumocystis colonization and airway obstruction

42

Colonization by Pneumocystis jirovecii (26% of cases) associated with increase in airway obstruction and sputum metalloprotease (MMP 12) levels

2010

Drummond MB [36]

1988-?

Observational study Prospective

Cohort

Case-control

Respiratory symptoms.

Airway

obstruction

288

(686 controls)

Prevalence of airway obstruction: 15.5%. No influence of HIV status

2010

Cui Q [35]

NR

Observational study

Prospective

Respiratory symptoms.

Airway obstruction

119

No acceleration of FEV1 decline relative to published data for general population

2010

Gingo RM [34]

2007-2009

Cross-sectional analysis

Airway obstruction

167

64% of patients had impaired diffusion.

21% of patients had irreversible airway obstruction.

Irreversible airway obstruction was independently associated with HAART, pack-years smoked and intravenous drug use.

2011

Crothers K [37]

1999-2007

Observational study prospective

Cohort

Case-control

Coding data

3707 (9980 controls)

HIV-infected patients more likely to have diagnoses of COPD (20.3 per 1000 person-years versus 17.5 per 1000 person-years - p < 0.001).