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Table 2 In vitro experiments analysing the activity of ECP

From: Analysing the eosinophil cationic protein - a clue to the function of the eosinophil granulocyte

Cell type or other

ECP added (μg/mL)

Incubation time

Outcome compared to control

Inhibitory factors used

Reference

Interactions with immune cells, epithelium and fibroblasts

human mononuclear cells (lymphocytes) stim. by PHA

0.2-2

48 hr

67 - 50 percent inhibition of growth

 

[86]

Plasma cell line

0.5 ng/mL

 

inhibition of Ig production

anti ECP ab

[87]

B lymphocyte cell line

1 ng/mL

 

inhibition of Ig production

 

[88]

Rat Peritoneal Mast Cells

17

45 min

50 percent increased histamine release

 

[92]

Human heart Mast cells

4.7

60 sec

10-80 percent increased histamine release PGD2 synthesis

Ca 2+, temperature

[94]

Guinea-pig tracheal epithelium

103

6 hr

exfoliation of mucosal cells

 

[79]

Feline tracheal epithelium

2.5

1 hr

release of respiratory conjugates

 

[99]

Human trachea

2.5

   

[99]

Human primary epithelial cells

10

6 hr

rECP, necrosis

 

[80]

Bovine mucus

100

 

3 fold altered structure

 

[97]

Nasal epithelial cells

2.1 ng/mL

 

upregulation of ICAM-1

 

[100]

Human corneal epithelial cells

100

 

decreased cell viability

 

[98]

Epithelial cell line NCI-H292

20 ng/mL

16 hr

upregulation of IGF-1

 

[102]

Human fetal lung fibroblast (HFL1)

10

48 hr

release of TGF beta, collagen contraction

 

[81]

Human fetal lung fibroblast (HFL1)

10

5 hr

rECP and naive, migration

anti ECPab

[107]

Human fetal lung fibroblast (HFL1)

10

6 hr

6 fold increased proteoglycan accumulation

 

[108]

Potential effects due to high ECP levels in circulation and skin

Injection in skin intradermally

48 - 190

7 days

ulceration, inflammatory cell influx

poly lysine, MPO, onconase, carboxymethylation of RNase site, RI

[114]

Plasma

18

 

Influencing coagulation factor XII, shortened coagulation time

 

[117]

Myosin heavy chain (MHC)

16.25

8 hr

20 percent degradation of 50 ug MHC

 

[118]

Guinea-pig intracerebrally

0.1-30

0 - 16 days

low dose affecting cerebral activity, high dose, death

 

[121]

Human cell lines

K562

21

4 days

50 percent inhibition of growth

 

[34]

HL-60

21

4 days

"

 

[34]

A431

76

4 days

"

 

[34]

KS Y-1

1

16 hr

29 percent decreased viability

 

[126]

HL-60

80

 

rECP, 50 percent inhibition of growth

 

[31]

HeLa

160

   

[31]

HeLa

320

72 h

1 hr

24 hr

50 percent inhibition of growth

4 fold increase in cytosolic Ca2+

1.5 fold increase in Caspase like activity

 

[125]

Interaction with pathogens

Larvae of S. mansoni

190

 

60 percent killed

 

[131]

Three day old S. mansoni

190

 

paralyzing

 

[131]

Trypanosoma cruzi

950

6 hr

40 percent killed

 

[132]

Brugia malayi

950

48 hr

90 percent killed

 

[132]

Escherichia coli

50

2 hr

72 percent decreased cfu

 

[135]

Staphylococcus aureus

50

2 hr

100 percent decreased cfu

 

[135]

" "

16

o.n.

rECP, 65 percent decreased cfu

 

[21]

RSV-B

9.5

 

rECP, 6 fold reduction in infection

 

[139]

  1. ECP's influence on human cells, parasites, helminths, bacteria and viruses analysed in vitro. Presented in the table are amount protein used, duration of exposure, outcome and means to block the activity to prove specificity of the influence. anti ECPab: anti ECP antibody, rECP: recombinant ECP, RI: RNase inhibitor, o.n.: over night, cfu: colony forming units