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Table 5 Comparison of systemic biomarkers by severity of COPD according to quartiles of BODE index*.

From: Systemic inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a population-based study

 

Quartile 1

(n = 282)

Quartile 2

(n = 19)

Quartiles 3-4

(n = 12)

p

Male (%)

73.8

84.2

58.3

0.279

Age (yr)

60 (55-71)

72 (69-75) †

66 (61-72)

0.007

BMI (Kg/m2)

27.7 (4.3)

29.9 (8.0)

31.1 (8.2) †

0.011

Smoking status

   

0.303

   Never smoker

38.3

31.6

16.7

 

   Former smoker

41.1

57.9

50.0

 

   Current smoker

20.6

10.5

33.3

 

Smoking exposure (packs-year)

40 (25-50)

50 (23-85)

50 (32-59)

0.050

C-reactive protein (mg/dl)

3.0 (2.0-5.0)

3.0 (2.0-6.0)

4.5 (2.0-24.7) ‡§

0.0001

TNF-alpha (pg/ml)

10.0 (7.0-14.5)

11.0 (8.5-16.0)

12.0 (7.7-15.0)

0.992

IL-6 (pg/ml)

1.9 (1.9-4.0)

3.0 (1.9-12.0)

2.5 (1.9-12.0)

0.032

IL-8 (pg/ml)

2.0 (0.7-8.0)

7.0 (4.0-13.0)

10.5 (0.7-25.2) †

0.004

Alpha-1 antitrypsin (g/l)

1.46 (1.29-1.69)

1.56 (1.24-1.72)

1.69 (1.56-1.84)

0.444

Fibrinogen (g/l)

3.54 (1.06)

3.66 (1.29)

3.93 (1.14)

0.446

Albumin (g/l)

45.39 (2.73)

44.06 (3.49)

45.75 (2.34)

0.122

Nitrites/nitrates (nmol/l)

24.9 (19.7-34.2)

29.5 (20.1-35.4)

22.4 (16.4-83.2) †

0.030

  1. * Values are mean (SD) or median (interquartile range) depending on the distribution. Abbreviations: TNF = tumour necrosis factor; IL = interleukin. Comparisons between groups by ANOVA with Bonferroni test: † p < 0.05 vs. quartile 1, ‡ p < 0.01 vs. quartile 1; § p < 0.01 vs. quartile 2.