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Table 1 Prevalence of obstructive lung disorder by demographic characteristics

From: Cigarette smoking, cadmium exposure, and zinc intake on obstructive lung disorder

Characteristics

N

Prevalence of obstructive lung function (95%CI)a

P-valueb

Smoking status

  

< 0.001

   Never-smokers

2948

2.99 (2.14-4.16)

 

   Former smokers

2306

9.55 (7.77-11.7)

 

   Active smokers

1472

17.7 (15.2-20.6)

 

Pack years of cigarettes

  

< 0.001

   0

3171

3.08 (2.24-4.23)

 

   >0-19

1874

6.50 (5.05-8.33)

 

   ≥ 20

1681

19.6 (16.7-22.9)

 

Zinc intake, mg/d

  

0.01

   Tertile 1 (< 8.35)

2464

11.4 (8.78-14.7)

 

   Tertile 2 (8.30-14.4)

2135

8.66 (6.99-10.7)

 

   Tertile 3 (>14.4)

2127

6.60 (5.39-8.07)

 

Age, yrs

  

< 0.001

   40-54

2484

5.97 (4.38-8.10)

 

   55 or older

4242

11.5 (10.2-12.9)

 

Gender

  

0.16

   Male

3288

9.55 (8.06-11.3)

 

   Female

3438

8.13 (6.62-9.94)

 

Race/Ethnicity

  

< 0.001

   Mexican American

1522

4.86 (3.70-6.37)

 

   Non-Hispanic black

1500

5.58 (4.09-7.57)

 

   Non-Hispanic white

3704

9.26 (7.93-10.8)

 

Body mass index, kg/m2

  

0.001

   <18.5

106

33.9 (20.0-51.3)

 

   18.5-24.9

2120

9.80 (7.66-12.5)

 

   25-29

2634

7.96 (6.59-9.60)

 

   ≥ 30

1866

7.10 (5.87-8.57)

 
  1. a Obstructive lung disorder was defined as: observed FEV1/FVC ratio < [FEV1/FVC]LLN and observed FEV1 < [FEV1]LLN [20, 21]. The estimated prevalence of obstructive lung disorder was calculated using the NHANES III sample weights.
  2. b Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test.
  3. Abbreviations: FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC, forced volume vital capacity; LLN, lower limit of normal.