Table 2 Studies connecting Vitamin C, E, A, alpha and beta-carotene with spirometric values improvement.

Vit C

^{31,58,59,60,61, 62,63,65,66}

^{32,52, 63,69,70}

Serum:FEV1 improvement in ml from 17-94 ml and FVC improvement from 16.4-94 ml for an SD variation

FFQ: FEV1 improvement in ml from 37-53 ml and FVC improvement from 23.3-79 ml for an SD variation

⁵²

Vit E

^{31,58,59,61, 62,64,65}

^32,69,70

Serum: An SD increase in plasma levels of vitamin E had a median range of FEV1 increase in ml from 12-59.3 ml

FFQ: An SD increase had a median range of FEV1 increase in ml from 20.1-93 ml and for FVC from 23.1 -54 ml, respectivelly

^31,58,61

Vit A

^61,68

^32,70

^32,70

Serum:Improvement in FEV1 ranges from 22-31.2 ml

^61,68

b-carotene

^{31,57, 63,65,66,69}

^{32,69, 70, 76}

Serum: Improvement in FEV1 ranges from 11-107 ml, FVC 147 ml

FFQ: Improvement in FEV1 = 60 ml, FVC= 75 ml

⁵⁷

a-carotene

^70,71

^70,71

Serum:

Improvement in FEV1 for one SD increase 23.7 ml⁷⁰.

Subjects in the fifth quintile of serum beta-carotene had a 195 ml (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 40 to 351 ml) higher and those in the fifth quintile of alpha-carotene had a 257 ml (95% CI: 99 to 414 ml) higher FEV(1) compared with subjects in the first quintile of these carotenoids⁷¹.