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Table 1 The characteristics for the study sample, Habitual Snorers vs. Nonhabitual Snorers (n = 20,152)

From: Habitual Snoring in school-aged children: environmental and biological predictors

Characteristics

N (%)

Total

(N = 20152)

Habitual Snorers

(N = 2418)

Nonhabitual Snorers

(N = 17734)

t/χ 2

P value

Sociodemographic characteristics

Age (years, mean ± SD)

9.00 ± 1.60

8.88 ± 1.58

9.02 ± 1.61

4.07a

<.001

Gender (%)

   

121.33b

 

Boys

9890 (49.3)

1437 (59.9)

8445 (47.9)

  

Girls

10159 (50.7)

963 (40.1)

9188 (52.1)

  

BMI (Kg/m2, mean ± SD)

17.33 ± 4.07

17.85 ± 4.40

17.26 ± 4.02

6.18a

<.001

Family income (%)

   

23.99b

<.001

< 800

4853 (24.4)

671 (28.2)

4181 (23.9)

  

800-2500

11266 (56.6)

1309 (55.0)

9948 (56.8)

  

≥ 2500

3793 (19.0)

401 (16.8)

3385 (19.3)

  

Mather's education level (%)

   

1.79b

.409

Low

7653 (38.7)

644 (27.4)

4873 (28.0)

  

Medium

6616 (33.4)

770 (32.7)

5843 (33.5)

  

High

5527 (27.9)

940 (39.9)

6709 (38.5)

  

Father's education level (%)

   

1.20b

.548

Low

8433 (42.1)

587 (24.5)

4156 (23.6)

  

Medium

6859 (34.2)

802 (33.5)

6050 (34.3)

  

High

4750 (23.7)

1008 (42.1)

7422 (42.1)

  

Environmental exposures

Delivery

   

25.24b

<.001

Vaginal Birth

13413 (66.8)

1497 (62.3)

11904 (67.4)

  

Caesarean section

6658 (33.2)

906 (37.7)

5747 (32.8)

  

Feeding patterns during the first four months

   

11.43

<.001

Breasting feeding

13248 (65.9)

1512 (62.8)

11725 (66.3)

  

Mixed/bottle feeding

6869 (34.1)

896 (37.2)

5967 (33.7)

  

Breast feeding

   

13.61b

< .001

≥ 6 months

10984 (54.5)

1230 (51.0)

9745 (55.0)

  

< 6 months

9168 (45.5)

1182 (49.0)

7978 (45.0)

  

Pregnancy maternal smoking

389 (1.9)

76 (3.2)

313 (1.8)

21.42b

< .001

Household passive smoking

5000 (24.9)

668 (27.8)

4332 (24.5)

12.43b

< .001

Chronic health problems

Obesity

2156 (10.7)

350 (14.6)

1806 (10.2)

37.55b

< .001

Overweight

2075 (10.3)

326 (13.5)

1749 (9.8)

24.18b

< .001

Chronic or allergic rhinitis

1883 (9.4)

421 (17.5)

1460 (8.2)

212.54b

< .001

Asthma

636 (3.2)

138 (5.7)

497 (2.8)

59.08b

< .001

Adenotonsillar hypertrophy

2218 (11.0)

498 (20.6)

1716 (9.7)

260.64b

< .001

Chronic otitis media

785 (3.9)

141 (5.8)

643 (3.6)

27.93b

< .001

Food/drug allergy

1101 (5.5)

174 (7.2)

925 (5.2)

16.35b

< .001

Family history of SDB

Habitual snoring

6625 (32.9)

1060 (43.9)

5558 (31.4)

152.43b

< .001

OSAS

481 (2.4)

93 (3.9)

388 (2.2)

25.29b

< .001

  1. Family income was expressed in RMB(yuan)/person/month
  2. a Independent-samples t test
  3. b Chi-square test