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Table 6 Effects of household environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure on asthma, stratified by age at asthma diagnosis

From: Household environmental tobacco smoke and risks of asthma, wheeze and bronchitic symptoms among children in Taiwan

 

Early-onset asthma†

Late-onset asthma‡

 

OR

95%CI

OR

95%CI

ETS

    

In utero exposure

1.67

(0.93,2.99)

1.49

(0.69,3.19)

   Currently

1.15

(0.87,1.52)

1.07

(0.74,1.57)

   Previous only

0.70

(0.32,1.53)

0.85

(0.31,2.35)

ETS sources

    

   Dad

1.05

(0.79,1.41)

1.13

(0.77,1.66)

   Mom

1.60

(0.85,2.99)

0.92

(0.33,2.58)

Number of smokers

    

   0

1

 

1

 

   1

0.72

(0.42,1.24)

0.74

(0.38,1.46)

   2

0.49

(0.22,1.10)

0.86

(0.34,2.17)

   ≧ 3

2.80

(1.27,6.17)

2.07

(0.73,5.88)

p value for trend

0.75

 

0.31

 

Currently amount of ETS*

    

   0

1

 

1

 

   ≦ 10

0.86

(0.56,1.32)

0.82

(0.46,1.44)

   > 10

1.51

(0.85,2.66)

1.53

(0.73,3.21)

p value for trend

0.20

 

0.39

 

Percent of ETS**

    

   0

1

 

1

 

   ≦ 20%

0.77

(0.50,1.18)

0.86

(0.49,1.52)

   > 20%

1.61

(1.02,2.56)

1.34

(0.71,2.51)

p value for trend

0.11

 

0.46

 

parental smoking

    

   none

1

 

1

 

   dad only

1.00

(0.74,1.36)

1.16

(0.78,1.72)

   mom only

0.88

(0.21,3.78)

0.71

(0.09,5.34)

   both

2.01

(1.00,4.02)

1.17

(0.36,3.87)

  1. Models are adjusted for age, sex, parental education, parental history of asthma, parental history of atopy, gestational age, and community.
  2. † Early-onset: asthma diagnosed ≦ 5 yr of age.
  3. ‡ Late-onset: asthma diagnosed > 5 yr of age.
  4. *Average cigarettes per day
  5. ** Percent of ETS exposure in lifetime
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Respiratory Research

ISSN: 1465-993X

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