Table 3 Effects of environmental tobacco smoke exposure (ETS) on subcategories of asthma
Asthma | Treatments for asthma | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ever asthma | Active asthma | Medication use | ER visit or hospitalization | ||||||
OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | ||
ETS | |||||||||
In utero exposure | 1.53 | (0.95,2.48) | 2.06 | (1.14,3.70) | 1.95 | (0.99,3.83) | 4.33 | (2.03,9.24) | |
   Currently | 1.15 | (0.92,1.44) | 1.39 | (1.00,1.93) | 1.33 | (0.91,1.95) | 1.71 | (0.98,2.96) | |
   Previous only | 0.79 | (0.43,1.44) | 0.69 | (0.28,1.72) | 0.56 | (0.17,1.79) | NA | ||
ETS sources | |||||||||
   Dad | 1.07 | (0.85,1.35) | 1.11 | (0.79,1.55) | 0.99 | (0.67,1.47) | 1.28 | (0.74,2.20) | |
   Mom | 1.40 | (0.82,2.39) | 1.67 | (0.84,3.31) | 0.99 | (0.39,2.52) | 3.16 | (1.29,7.77) | |
Number of smokers | |||||||||
   0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
   1 | 0.91 | (0.71,1.19) | 1.05 | (0.72,1.52) | 1.01 | (0.66,1.57) | 1.04 | (0.54,2.01) | |
   2 | 0.80 | (0.53,1.21) | 0.92 | (0.51,1.67) | 0.76 | (0.37,1.56) | 0.58 | (0.17,1.95) | |
   ≧ 3 | 1.61 | (1.04,2.50) | 2.28 | (1.30,4.01) | 2.56 | (1.40,4.69) | 4.56 | (2.20,9.46) | |
p value for trend | 0.47 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.004 | |||||
Currently amount of ETS* | |||||||||
   0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
   ≦ 10 | 1.06 | (0.83,1.36) | 1.26 | (0.88,1.80) | 1.14 | (0.75,1.74) | 1.21 | (0.65,2.26) | |
   > 10 | 1.42 | (0.99,2.03) | 2.02 | (1.27,3.24) | 2.21 | (1.32,3.71) | 2.81 | (1.38,5.73) | |
p value for trend | 0.10 | 0.005 | 0.009 | 0.01 | |||||
Percent of ETS** | |||||||||
   0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
   ≦ 20% | 0.99 | (0.76,1.29) | 1.13 | (0.77,1.67) | 1.19 | (0.77,1.85) | 1.12 | (0.57,2.18) | |
   > 20% | 1.43 | (1.07,1.92) | 1.79 | (1.19,2.69) | 1.52 | (0.93,2.46) | 2.50 | (1.32,4.74) | |
p value for trend | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.01 | |||||