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Figure 3 | Respiratory Research

Figure 3

From: Extracellular Hsp72, an endogenous DAMP, is released by virally infected airway epithelial cells and activates neutrophils via Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4

Figure 3

Exogenous Hsp72 increased cytokine production in primary human neutrophils. Primary human neutrophils were harvested, isolated, and treated with increasing concentrations of Hsp72 for 4 (quantitative real time PCR) or 18 (ELISA) hours. Data represent means ± SEM for 3–4 experiments and differences pinpointed by ANOVA. A. TNFα ELISA (compared to control, *p = 0.002, **p < 0.001). B. IL-8 ELISA (compared to control *p = 0.041, **p = 0.004). Quantitative real time PCR was expressed as IL-8 or TNFα normalized to SDHA and expressed as fold increase over control is shown. C. TNFα mRNA levels (compared to control *p = 0.02, **p = 0.001). D. IL-8 mRNA levels (compared to control *p = 0.02, **p < 0.001).

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